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AUDE 5260 - Human and Neuroanatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

A

To get food and nutrients into the body and waste out

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2
Q

How long is the typical digestion time?

A

1-2 days

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3
Q

When does the process of digestion begin?

A

Before you’ve eaten anything
The smell and sight of food causes oral and gastric secretions

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4
Q

What are the phases of digestion?

A

Ingestion
Propulsion (movement)
Mechanical digestion (chewing, tearing, mixing)
Chemical digestion (enzymatic reactions)
Absorption
Defecation

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5
Q

Where does most of absorption happen?

A

Small intestines

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6
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

Mechanically break down food into small pieces
Tongue mixes food with saliva (helps break down starches)

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7
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

Begins swallowing
Forms bolus

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8
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

To protect the trachea from food entering it

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9
Q

What are the three phases of swallowing?

A

Oral phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase

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10
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Secrete mucous
Transport food from the throat to the stomach

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11
Q

What is the muscle movement that the esophagus uses to get food to the stomach?

A

Peristalsis

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12
Q

What happens when someone has achalasia?

A

The lower esophageal sphincter fails to open
Food has difficulty passing into the stomach

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13
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Mixes food with digestive juices that contain enzymes
Breaks down food
Acid in the stomach kills bacteria
Mechanical digestion (churn into chyme)

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14
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body, and pyloris

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15
Q

What are the two sphincters of the stomach?

A

Lower esophageal and pyloric

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16
Q

What is the function of the small intestines?

A

Absorption of food

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17
Q

What are the divisions of the small intestines?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

18
Q

What are villi?

A

Straws or tubes used for absorption in the small intestines

19
Q

What are on each villi?

A

Microvilli

20
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

Things that are hard to digest (seeds and berries) getting stuck in the villi

21
Q

What is the function of the large intestines?

A

Reabsorption or water
Manufacture and absorb vitamins
Form feces

22
Q

What are the structures of the large intestines?

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, and anus

23
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Produce insulin and glucagon
Source of bicarbonate to neutralize gastric acid
Source of many digestive enzymes

24
Q

Does the pH change from mouth al throughout the GI tract?

A

Yes

25
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Metabolism, synthesis, and storage
Bile synthesis

26
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Changing something, breaking it down to be used or get rid of

27
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Stores bile until needed
Enters duodenum through common bile duct

28
Q

What are the two types of gall stones?

A

Calcium and cholesterol

29
Q

What is crohn’s disease?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Inflammation of digestive tract
Abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, malnutrition

30
Q

What is celiac’s disease?

A

Autoimmune disorder
Causes reaction to gluten
Chronic diarrhea, abdominal distention, loss of appetite

31
Q

What is cholera?

A

Bacterial disease spread through contaminated water
Diarrhea and dehydration
Can be fatal

32
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood

33
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

A substance created when RBCs break down

34
Q

Is infant jaundice common?

A

Yes, for preterm babies and breast-fed babies
Occurs because the infants liver is not mature enough to break down bilirubin

35
Q

What is dysentery?

A

Gastroenteritis
Bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, dehydration
Deadly in elderly and young children

36
Q

What is GERD?

A

Term interchangeable with heartburn and acid reflux

37
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

Inflammation of the appendix
Pain in lower right abdomen
Most common in 10-30 year olds

38
Q

Can a rupture of an appendix be life threatening?

A

Yes

39
Q

Can jaundice cause hearing loss?

A

Yes
The high levels of bilirubin can cause damage to the hair cell synapses

40
Q

Is SNHL common in those with inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Yes
It is related to an auto-immune problem

AUDE 5260 - Human and Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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