Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the main function of the CNS?
Control center
What is the main function of the limbic lobe?
Emotion and memory
What is the main function of the insula?
Consciousness
What are the 2 layers of dura mater?
Endosteal and meningeal
Which dura mater layer is more internal?
Meningeal
What is a venous sinus?
A pocket between the 2 dura layers
Name 5 major sinuses
Superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, inferior sagittal sinus
What are dural septa?
2 layers of dura that protect different areas of the brain
What is the tentorial notch?
Where the brainstem passes through the dural septa to enter the cerebrum
What are cisterns?
Pockets in the subarachnoid space
What are arachnoid trabeculae?
Collagen fibers that connect the arachnoid to the pia in the subarachnoid space
What are arachnoid villi?
One way valvs that suck CSF out of the subarachnoid space to be recycled
What is an epidural hematoma caused by?
Meningeal arteries bursting, blow to the head
How many layers of dura are in the spinal cord?
1
How serious is an epidural hematoma?
Life threatening, need to act fast
What are 2 ways a subdural hematoma can present?
Slow or fast like epidural
What is a subdural hematoma caused by?
Acceleration or deceleration of the brain, from dura venous sinuses bursting
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by?
Is a subarachnoid hemorrhage common?
Yes
What are all of the things that protect the CNS?
List all of the ventricles and foramen that CSF flows through.
How is CSF recycled?
Where is the cisterna magna?
Below the cerebellum
What is bacterial meningitis caused by?
Infection of meninges spreading to the cochlea through the cochlear aqueduct
What are the audiological implications of bacterial meningitis?
Damage to hair cells and supporting cells, ossification of bony labyrinth
What causes hydrocephalus?
Excess production, blockage, or disruption of reuptake
What is normal pressure hydrocephalus?
What are the 2 main divisions of neurovasculature?
Carotid and vertebral
Which artery gives anterior head blood supply?
Carotid
Which artery gives posterior head blood supply?
Vertebral
What is the purpose of the circle of willis?
To act as a safety valve
What are the signs of a stroke?
BE FAST
What does BE FAST stand for?
Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, and Time
What dumps into the venous sinuses?
Blood and CSF
What is vascular plasticity?
What is the most common cause of neurological deficits?
What else can have stroke-like symptoms?
Aneurysms
What is an aneurysm?
What are arteriovenous malformations?
What is the blood brain barrier?
What is the blood CSF barrier?
What is the arachnoid barrier layer?
What is the CSF brain interface?
What are the functions of skin?
What are the ABCDE’s of melanomas?
What are the divisions of the epidermis?
What is the horny layer made of?
What takes place in the stratum germinativum?
What does the dermis contain?
What does the hypodermis contain?
What layer are hair follicles located?
What are nails made of?
How much do nails grow?
What are the glands of the skin?
What is the function of the sebaceous gland?
What is the function of the ceruminous gland?
What is the function of the sweat gland?
