Renal System Flashcards
What is the function of the kidneys?
Filtering and eliminating waste from body through urine
Regulate fluid and pH balance
Regulate ions in the blood
What are the non-excretory functions of the kidney?
Secretes substances into the blood to stay in the body
Act as an endocrine gland
Vitamin D production
What are nephrons?
The functional filtering units of the kidney
What are nephrons comprised of?
Blood vessels and renal tubules
What is urine made up of?
95% water
Contain urea, uric acid, amino acids, and electrolytes
How much urine is produced daily?
0.6 to 2.5 liters
What does urine flow through?
Collecting ducts
Renal papillae
Minor calyces
Major calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
How is urine actually made?
Made by a glomerular filtration (blood filtering)
Some things fit through the slits, others don’t
We keep the good stuff and put it back in the blood, and get rid of the bad stuff
What things can’t be filtered?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Proteins
How much urine can the bladder hold?
1 liter
Do muscles need to contract for the urine to leave the bladder?
Yes
What is kidney failure?
Partial or complete loss of kidney function
Acute or chronic
What does kidney failure do?
Messes up chemical imbalance
Reduce output of urine
What causes kidney failure?
Destruction of tubules by drugs or compound like mercury, lead, and uranium
Physical injuries and major surgery causing loss of blood
Blocked arteries
What are the signs and symptoms of kidney failure?
Decreased urine output
Swelling in legs, ankles, or feet
Shortness of breath
What is the treatment for kidney failure?
Spontaneous recovery, medications, dialysis
What is chronic renal failure?
A result from prolonged kidney disease
Can chronically diseased kidneys sustain life until a certain percentage of their functioning is lost?
Yes, until 90%
Can one kidney compensate for the loss of another one?
Yes
What is dialysis?
Removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood
Renal replacement
What are kidney stones?
Concentration of minerals and organic matter
If large or numerous, can impair renal function
When do kidney’s cause symptoms?
When they reach the ureter
What are some symptoms of kidney stones?
Severe pain in the side and back
Pink, red, or brown urine
Cloudy urine
Persistent need to urinate
What is a treatment method for kidney stones?
Shock wave to break up large stones
What is a UTI?
Inflammation of renal system
Frequent and painful urination caused by the invasion of microorganisms
What are common causes of UTI?
Ecoli and staph
What is the treatment for a UTI?
Antibiotics
Are the medications used to treat kidney disease related to hearing loss?
Yes, they are often ototoxic
What common risk factors do hearing loss and kidney disease share?
Diabetes, high blood pressure, advanced age
How are diuretics that are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure related to hearing loss?
They can cause hearing loss
The more you take, the more likely it is
What are the genetic syndromes with both renal and audiologic complications?
Alport syndrome
Branchio-oto-renal syndrome
