Renal System

Question 1

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Filtering and eliminating waste from body through urine
Regulate fluid and pH balance
Regulate ions in the blood

Question 2

What are the non-excretory functions of the kidney?

Answer 2

Secretes substances into the blood to stay in the body
Act as an endocrine gland
Vitamin D production

Question 3

What are nephrons?

Answer 3

The functional filtering units of the kidney

Question 4

What are nephrons comprised of?

Answer 4

Blood vessels and renal tubules

Question 5

What is urine made up of?

Answer 5

95% water
Contain urea, uric acid, amino acids, and electrolytes

Question 6

How much urine is produced daily?

Answer 6

0.6 to 2.5 liters

Question 7

What does urine flow through?

Answer 7

Collecting ducts
Renal papillae
Minor calyces
Major calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder

Question 8

How is urine actually made?

Answer 8

Made by a glomerular filtration (blood filtering)
Some things fit through the slits, others don’t
We keep the good stuff and put it back in the blood, and get rid of the bad stuff

Question 9

What things can’t be filtered?

Answer 9

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Proteins

Question 10

How much urine can the bladder hold?

Answer 10

1 liter

Question 11

Do muscles need to contract for the urine to leave the bladder?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is kidney failure?

Answer 12

Partial or complete loss of kidney function
Acute or chronic

Question 13

What does kidney failure do?

Answer 13

Messes up chemical imbalance
Reduce output of urine

Question 14

What causes kidney failure?

Answer 14

Destruction of tubules by drugs or compound like mercury, lead, and uranium
Physical injuries and major surgery causing loss of blood
Blocked arteries

Question 15

What are the signs and symptoms of kidney failure?

Answer 15

Decreased urine output
Swelling in legs, ankles, or feet
Shortness of breath

Question 16

What is the treatment for kidney failure?

Answer 16

Spontaneous recovery, medications, dialysis

Question 17

What is chronic renal failure?

Answer 17

A result from prolonged kidney disease

Question 18

Can chronically diseased kidneys sustain life until a certain percentage of their functioning is lost?

Answer 18

Yes, until 90%

Question 19

Can one kidney compensate for the loss of another one?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

What is dialysis?

Answer 20

Removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood
Renal replacement

Question 21

What are kidney stones?

Answer 21

Concentration of minerals and organic matter
If large or numerous, can impair renal function

Question 22

When do kidney’s cause symptoms?

Answer 22

When they reach the ureter

Question 23

What are some symptoms of kidney stones?

Answer 23

Severe pain in the side and back
Pink, red, or brown urine
Cloudy urine
Persistent need to urinate

Question 24

What is a treatment method for kidney stones?

Answer 24

Shock wave to break up large stones

Question 25

What is a UTI?

Answer 25

Inflammation of renal system
Frequent and painful urination caused by the invasion of microorganisms

Question 26

What are common causes of UTI?

Answer 26

Ecoli and staph

Question 27

What is the treatment for a UTI?

Answer 27

Antibiotics

Question 28

Are the medications used to treat kidney disease related to hearing loss?

Answer 28

Yes, they are often ototoxic

Question 29

What common risk factors do hearing loss and kidney disease share?

Answer 29

Diabetes, high blood pressure, advanced age

Question 30

How are diuretics that are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure related to hearing loss?

Answer 30

They can cause hearing loss
The more you take, the more likely it is

Question 31

What are the genetic syndromes with both renal and audiologic complications?

Answer 31

Alport syndrome
Branchio-oto-renal syndrome