Respiratory system

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract includes

Answer 1

*nose
*nasal cavity
*paranasal sinuses
*oral cavity
*pharynx
*glotis
*larynx

Question 2

Lower respiratory tract begins at

Answer 2

*trachea which extends into the
*lungs (broncos into bronchioles ending in alveoli)

Question 3

right side of the lungs has _____ lobes

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Left side of the lungs has _____ lobes

Answer 4

2

Question 5

Pleura

Answer 5

A double membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity

Question 6

Pleural cavity

Answer 6

Houses the lungs

Question 7

Larynx commonly called

Answer 7

the voice box. Sound produced when air from the lungs is forced against the vocal cords

Question 8

Passage of air through respiratory system

Answer 8

Begins at
*nose or nasal cavity where it is filtered, warmed, and moistened.
*air can also enter through he oral cavity via mouth
*into the pharynx (ending at the glottis, and is a shared passageway for food and air)
*epiglottis covers opening of glottis during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the lungs
*Glottis, passageway to for air through the vocal cords and leads to larynx
*oxygen continues to larynx
*into trachea (windpipe) contains cartilaginous rings and is anterior to the esophagus
*trachea splits into right and left primary bronchi
*bronchi branch into secondary and tertiary bronchi
*branch into bronchioles
*bronchioles divide further into alveoli

Question 9

Alveoli

Answer 9

single layer of epithelial tissue which allows for simple diffusion of gases in and out . Surrounded by capillaries whose walls also contain single layer of epithelial cells.

Question 10

inhaled oxygen

Answer 10

diffuses into the red blood. cells in the surrounding capillaries and from there into nearby tissues.

Question 11

what structures monitor levels of CO2 and pH in the blood

Answer 11

medulla oblongata and pons in the brainstem

Question 12

increasing levels of CO2

Answer 12

causes an increase in H+ ions, which makes the blood more acidic stimulating automatic inhalation

Question 13

during inhalation

Answer 13

muscular diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract simultaneously increasing volume of thoracic cavity causing lung volume to increase. Alveolar pressure inside lungs decreases causing air flow into the lungs down its pressure gradient from high (outside lungs) to low (inside lungs).

Question 14

during exhalation

Answer 14

which occurs passively with relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
*thoracic cavity decreases in volume causing decrease in lung volume
*alveolar pressure increases
*elastic recoil from lungs and thoracic wall causes air flow out of the lungs once again done the pressure gradient

Question 15

tidal volume

Answer 15

amount of air entering ht lungs during the normal breathing cycle

Question 16

Total lung capacity

Answer 16

amount of gas in the lungs after maximum inspiration or deep breath

Question 17

Vital lung capacity

Answer 17

amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. As in exhaling after a deep breath

Question 18

residual volume

Answer 18

amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration

Question 19

total lung capacity

Answer 19

vital capacity plus the residual volume

Question 20

emphysema causes

Answer 20

destruction of elastic lung tissue, resulting in greater-than-normal expansion od the lungs due to poor recoil and increased resistance to lung expansion, resulting in low compliance

Question 21

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 21

caused by genetic factors. dramatically impair lung compliance. recessive gene mutation causes normally slippery mucus secreted in the lungs to become thick and sticky. This can clog airways leading to severe breathing problems and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections