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TEAS > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

To perform the crate tasks involved in transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s cells and removing carbon dioxide from the body’s calls.

Specifically structured to maximize surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Surface area of alveoli in a human lung is equipment to half the size of a basketball court.

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2
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Exchanging the gas oxygen with the gas carbon dioxide in the lungs.

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3
Q

Passageway of air during inhalation.

A

Air enters through the nasal openings, moves into the nasal cavity, and travels past the pharynx (throat), larynx, and into the trachea (large tube reinforced by cartilage rings that keep it from collapsing. Air continues to the first division of trachea, into the right and left primary bronchi, to the lungs, into bronchi, and into the alveoli

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4
Q

Alveoli

A

Site of gas exchange.
Have type II alveolar cells that releas a lipoprotein called surfactant.

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5
Q

Surfactant

A

Reduces surface tension

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6
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum(area between the two lungs), marginally on the left side.

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7
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3lobes. Superior, inferior and middle.
3 lobes because it is a little larger than the left lung.

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8
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2 lobes. Superior and inferior lobes.

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9
Q

Respiratory system includes:

A

Nose, mouth, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx,trachea, bronchialtree, and lungs.
These organs facilitate the delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body for use in cellular respiration.

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10
Q

Conducting zone/ conduction zone consist of

A

The nasal cavity, phaneux,trachea, bronchi, and most bronchioles.these ave the airways that transport gases into and out of the lungs.

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11
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Where gas exchange occurs.

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12
Q

What is used during pulmonary respiration? (Breathing) essential to breathing.

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Used to enlarge the chest cavity during respiration.

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13
Q

External respiration

A

The exchange of gas between the lungs and the blood.

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14
Q

Internal respiration

A

The exchange of gas between the blood and tissues.

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15
Q

Secondary functions of the respirators system include:

A

pH regulation of the blood, thermoregulation, detection, and the production of speech.

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16
Q

Gas exchange

A

The loading of oxygen into pulmonary blood, and the removal of carbon dioxide.

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17
Q

Where do gases diffuse?

A

Down their partial pressure gradient across a shared membrane between capillaries and called alveoli called respiratory membrane.

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18
Q

What does oxygen diffuse into?

A

Oxygen diffuses into the blood where it is delivered to tissues throughout the body

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19
Q

What is the waste product of cellular respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide.

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20
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

The regulation of body temperature.

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21
Q

Why do capillaries within the respiratory tract constrict?

A

To preserve heat. Particularly in the nasal passages and trachea.

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22
Q

Why do capillaries within the respiratory system dilate?

A

To release heat. Particularly in the nasal passages and trachea.

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23
Q

What does the exhalation of warm, moistened air do?

A

Helps cool the body.

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24
Q

What is the secondary role of the respiratory system?

A

The protection against disease and filtration of particulate matter.

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25
Q

How does respiratory system filter particles?

A

By hostile hairs and mucus.

26
Q

What breaks down trapped debris within the mucus?

A

Lyzozomes

27
Q

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is produced in

A

Mucosal lining & antibodies aid in immune defense

28
Q

How does immunoglobulin A aid in immune defenses?

A

By neutralizing pathogens

29
Q

What do mast cells within the respiratory tract do?

A

Release inflammatory chemicals that increase blood flow to the region alert the immune system of a threat.

30
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

Help protect lungs by engulfing small cells & particulates.

31
Q

What are lungs?

A

Spongy porous organs that occupy most of the thoracic cavity.

32
Q

What lines the thoracic cavity?

A

A serous membrane called the pleura

33
Q

What lines the surface of the lungs?

A

A serous membrane called the pleura.

34
Q

Visceral pleura lines

A

The surface of the lungs

35
Q

The parietal pleura lines

A

The thoracic cavity.

36
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3-lobes.

37
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

Two-lobes.

38
Q

What separates the right and left lung?

A

The mediastinum.

39
Q

What does the trunk fork into?

A

Primary bronchi

40
Q

What enters into the left & right lung?

A

Trachea, blood, lymphatic vessels.

41
Q

What is a hilum?

A

Sight of entrance or exit of structures associated with the lungs.

42
Q

What is the route of oxygen starting with the larynx?

A

Larynx, trachea,primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs.

43
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Microscopic pouches where gas exchange occurs.

44
Q

What does the wall of each alveolus consist of?

A

A single layer of epithelial cells, most of which are type I cells. These squamous cells are involved in gas exchange.

45
Q

What is the function of type II cells?

A

These cuboidal cells secrete surfactant to prevent the alveoli from collapsing.

46
Q

How are alveoli connected?

A

Perforated by pores which provide an alternate route for the passage of air in case of blocked ducts.

47
Q

What surrounds the outside of alveoli?

A

A network of capillaries.

48
Q

What’s the respiratory membrane composed of?

A

Capillary basement and alveolar membrane. Also includes the capillary and alveolar epithelial cells.

49
Q

Inhaled air moves from

A

Mouth or nose to the pharynx, larynx, trachea, right and left main bronchi, bronchioles, and then the alveoli.

50
Q

How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transferred throughout the body?

A

Through the blood.

51
Q

The respiratory system includes:

A

Nose
Mouth
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchi (large airways)
Lungs

52
Q

what structure(s) monitor levels of CO2 and pH in blood

A

Medulla oblongata and pons in brain stem

53
Q

what do increasing levels of CO2 cause

A

increases levels of H+ ions which makes blood more acidic and stimulates automatic inhalation

54
Q

Alveolar pressure in lungs decreases when

A

thoracic cavity increases

55
Q

Alveolar pressure increases when

A

elastic recoil from lungs and thoracic wall causes air to flow out of the lungs down the pressure gradient

56
Q

inhalation causes air to flow

A

into lungs down the pressure gradient from high (outside lungs) to low (inside lungs)

57
Q

exhalation occurs

A

passively with relaxation of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

58
Q

tital volume

A

amount of air entering the lungs during the normal breathing cycle

59
Q

total lung capacity

A

Vital capacity + risidual volume
amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration or deep breath

60
Q

vital capacity

A

amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration, as in exhaling after a deep breath

61
Q

risidual volume

A

amount of gas remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration

TEAS (28 decks)

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