Cell structure, function, and organization Flashcards
what is a cells 3 main parts
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelles function
carry out metabolic functions necessary to maintain the cell.. Also called cellular functions.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function
site of lipid production and storage
rough endoplasmic reticulum function
a cell organelle containing ribosomes that synthesizes and processes proteins in the cell
Golgi apparatus function
where protein vesicles are modified, packaged, and transported to where they are needed. Golgi often referred to as the manufacturing and shipping department of the cell. also responsible for packing digestive enzymes within vesicles known as lysosomes
Lysosomes function
Break down polymers. Necessary for cellular metabolism
Mitochondria function
organelle changes food energy into usable cellular energy via the process known as cellular respiration. usable energy is adenosine triphosphate ATP
In mitosis, one cell reproduces
into two genetically identical daughter cells
Events of mitosis
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
interphase
DNA replicates
prophase
chromosomes condense, and visible chromosomes appear
Metaphase
chromosomes align
anaphase
chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles. Cell division begins
telophase
two nuclei form. daughter cells separate
Meiosis events
interphase
Meiosis I
prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I
telophase I
Meiosis II
prophase II
metaphase II
anaphase II
telophase II
Interphase in meiosis
DNA replicates
prophase I
homologous chromosomes pair
metaphase I
homologous chromosomes align
anaphase I
homologous chromosomes pull to opposite ends of the cell
telophase I
nuclear membranes form as the cell separates into two
prophase II
daughter cells contain half the chromosomes of the original cell
metaphase II
chromosomes align
anaphase II
sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cells
telophase II
nuclear membranes form as the two cells separate into four haploid daughter cells
Tissues
groups of similar cells that work together to perform a shared function.
4 basic types of tissues
4 basic types of tissues
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
epithelial tissue
covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and serves as a protective barrier(e.g. skin)
connective tissue
connects other tissues to each other and serves to bind and support body parts
muscle tissue
moves the body and its contents by contraction
nervous tissue
receives stimuli from the internal or external environment and communicates through electrical impulses with the rest of the body
Levels to organization in multicellular organisms
atoms
molecules
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
living organism
