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TEAS > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system is made up of

A

*heart
*blood vessels
*blood

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2
Q

the cardiopulmonary system is made up of

A

*trachea
*bronchi
*lungs

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3
Q

how many layers does the heart have

A

3

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4
Q

epicardium location and function

A

*located on outer layer of heart
*contains coronary blood vessels which supply blood to heart
*protects the heart and supplies lubricating fluid

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5
Q

myocardium location and function

A

*middle layer of heart
*contracts to pump blood

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6
Q

endocardium location and functions

A

*innermost layer of the heart
*Thin inner layer that lines chambers and valves of the heart

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7
Q

right atrium function

A

receives blood from the vena cava

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8
Q

left atrium function

A

receives blood from the pulmonary veins

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9
Q

right ventricle function

A

pumps blood into pulmonary trunk

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10
Q

left ventricle function

A

pumps blood into the aorta

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11
Q

tricuspid valve location and function

A

(right AV valve)
*located between right atrium and right ventricle
*prevents back flow into the atrium when ventricle contracts

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12
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve location and function

A

*located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
*prevents the return of blood into the right ventricle

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13
Q

bicuspid valve location and function

A

(Left AV valve, mitril valve)
*located between the left atrium and left ventricle
*prevents blood from entering the left atrium when the ventricles contract

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14
Q

aortic semilunar valve location and function

A

*located between the left ventricle and aorta
*stops back flow of blood into the left ventricle as it leaves through the aorta

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15
Q

what is the path of blood through the heart

A

*in through superior and inferior vena cava
*into the right atrium
*through the tricuspid valve
*into the left ventricle
*through pulmonary valve
*into pulmonary artery
*into lungs
*through pulmonary vein
*into left atrium
*through mitral valve
*into left ventricle
*through aortic valve
*into aorta
*to parts of organs and tissues that need it most

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16
Q

veins carry blood

A

into the heart

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17
Q

arteries carry blood

A

away from the heart

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18
Q

what are the major veins that bring blood into the heart

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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19
Q

what is valve regurgitation

A

when heart has leaky valves and has to work harder to pump the same amount of blood

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20
Q

heart characteristics

A

*muscle
*sits in upper left side of chest
*sits behind the rib cage
*about the same size as clenched fist
*made up of chambers and valves
*beats about 100,000 times a day

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21
Q

what are the major veins

A

*jugular
*left and right subclavian
*hepatic
*renal
*common iliac

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22
Q

veins become

A

venules

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23
Q

major arteries

A

*right and left pulmonary
*aorta
*subclavian
*carotid
*renal
*femoral
*common iliac

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24
Q

coronary artery function

A

wrap around heart and supply blood to heart muscles
*left and right coronary arteries

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25
Q

arteries become

A

arterioles

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26
Q

capillaries are made up of

A

arterioles and venules

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27
Q

pulmonary circulation function

A

blood moves between the heart and lungs

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28
Q

systemic circulation function

A

blood. moves between heart and rest of body

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29
Q

what is the cardiac cycle

A

two phases: diastole and systole

30
Q

systole pressure function

A

pressure required to pump blood out of the heart

31
Q

diastole pressure function

A

pressure that remains when heart is in resting state between heartbeats

32
Q

main compartments if cardiac conduction system

A

*SA node
*AV node
*bundle of His
*bundle branches
*purkinje fibers

33
Q

what measures signals of electrical current in heart

A

EKG it ECG
electrocardiograph

34
Q

what is the bodies natural pace maker

A

The SA node
causes the atria to contract

35
Q

cardiac conduction system

A

*SA node causes atria to contract
*signal travels through AV node
*THrough bundle of His
*down bundle branches
*through purkinje fibers
*causes ventricles to contract

36
Q

what are the 4 main parts of the blood

A

*plasma
*red blood cells
*white blood cells
*platelets

37
Q

whole blood is composed of

A

about 55% plasma
and about 45% blood cells

38
Q

plasma transports

A

*blood cells
*nutrients
*waste products
*antibodies
*clotting proteins
*hormones
throughout the body

39
Q

red blood cells contain

A

protein hemoglobin

40
Q

hemoglobin

A

*carries oxygen from the lungs to the body
*returns CO2 from the body to lungs to be exhaled

41
Q

red blood cells are made

A

inside red bone marrow and get their color from hemoglobin

42
Q

white blood cells function

A

protect against infection

43
Q

platelets function

A

small fragments of cells that form clots to stop bleeding

44
Q

blood functions include

A

*transporting O2 and nutrients
*carrying cells and antibodies
*taking waste to kidney and liver to be filtered
*forming blood clots

45
Q

venous blood is high in

A

CO2 and O2

46
Q

what is happening during the “lub” phase

A

Tricuspid and mitral (atrioventricular) valves closing, beginning of systole

47
Q

what’s happening during the “dub” phase

A

pulmonic and aortic (semilunar) valves closing. end of systole beginning of diastole.

48
Q

how much of the cardiac cycle does systole take up

49
Q

how much of the cardiac cycle does diastole take up

50
Q

what can affect the systolic blood pressure

A

anything that alters the diameter of the artery
ex. changes in cardiac output or stroke volume, exercise, nutritional differences, disease, and drugs

51
Q

what does tree do to arteries

A

cause vasoconstriction where the diameter of the arteries is smaller and causes more pressure

52
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

the buildup of fatty plaque along walls of the arteries

53
Q

what factors can increase diastolic blood pressure

A

*diet high in sodium
*obesity
*excessive alcohol consumption
*lack of exercise
*medications and drugs such as oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, antidepressants, caffeine, and amphetamines

54
Q

what is considered normal blood pressure

A

less than 120/80 mmHg

55
Q

what is considered elevated blood pressure

A

systolic pressure between 120 and 129 mmHg
diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg

56
Q

what is considered stage I hypertension

A

systolic pressure between 130 and 139 mmHg
diastolic pressure between 80 and 89 mmHg

57
Q

what is considered stage 2 hypertension

A

systolic pressure of at least 140 mmHg
or
diastolic pressure of at least 90 mmHg

58
Q

Atria are divided by

A

interatrial septum

59
Q

ventricles separated by

A

inter ventricular septum

60
Q

plasma composed of

A

water, plasma proteins, and other nutrients

61
Q

lymphatic capillaries absorb

A

excess tissue fluid that leaks from capillaries

62
Q

lymph nodes are concentrated in

A

neck, armpits, and groin. They contain lymphocytes and macrophages

63
Q

B lymphocytes make

A

antibodie, which target pathogens and destroy them

64
Q

what does heart contraction start with

A

*triggering of an impulse within the sinoatrial (SA) node. Also known as the pacemaker.
*impulse spreads to right and left atria causing atria to contract forcing blood into the ventricles.
*impulse reaches atrioventricular (AV) node(also in right atrial wall)
*travels down the right and left branches in the septum and along the perkinje fibers
*that causes ventricles to contract

65
Q

what hormones modulates the heart

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

66
Q

Hypertension can cause

A

rupture of smaller capillaries, possibly leading to stroke

67
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of plaque in blood vessels that reduce the flow of blood through the vessel. When a piece of plaque breaks off it can travel to smaller vessels, causing blockage

68
Q

stroke

A

brain infarction occurs when normal blood flow to brain is stopped either by a blockage or by a rupture of a blood vessel causing death of brain tissue

69
Q

heart attack

A

or myocardial infarction occurs when the flow of blood to a part of the heart is blocked, causing cardiac muscle to die

70
Q

embolus

A

a clot or piece of plaque that travels through a vessel to a distant location

TEAS (28 decks)

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