Digestive System: Pancreas, Intestines, and Elimination Flashcards
what the pancreas for in digestion
production and secretion of digestive juices
pancreas location
located below the stomach and extends from the duodenum to the spleen
pancreas function
secretes bicarbonate, enzymes, hormones.
triangular shaped and has both endocrine and exocrine functions
bicarbonate function from pancreas
raises pH from stomach secretions
enzyme function form pancreas
digests sugars, fats, and proteins
Hormone function from pancreas
insulin.
regulates blood sugar levels
small intestine location
extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ilocecal valve
pancreatic enzymes of the small intestine
continue digestion of food so the nutrients are small enough to be absorbed
how are lipid components and ware absorbed into the cells
by simple diffusion
what is diffused into the capillaries within the villi in small intestine
short chain fatty acids
water
electrolytes
enter the blood stream
where does most chemical digestion of food occur
in the small intestine
what do brush border enzymes do
breakdown carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids into smaller components to be absorbed
what kind of mechanical digestion occurs in the small intestine
peristalsis moves chyme towards small intestine while segmentation pushes it back and forth to help mix enzymes into chyme
Brunner gland function
glands in the duodenum
secrete bicarbonate containing fluid (help alkaline pancreatic juices) that neutralizes acidic chyme providing optimal pH for enzyme activity
brush border enzyme phosphatase breaks down
nucleotides
-dase breaks down
-ides
dextrinase breaks down
oligosaccharides
small intestine subdivided into
3 regions
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
duodenum functions
*receives chyme fro stomach
*neutralizes digestive juices
*most chemical digestion occurs here
duodenum characterized by
c-shape
shortest segment
jejunum characterized by
prominent place circulares, long villi, and dense micro-villi
jejunum function
main site for absorption
ileum characteristics
*longest segment of small intestine
*peyers patches common here but found throughout the small intestine
*terminates at ileocecal valve
ileum function
primary role to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts and any nutrients that were not absorbed but he jejunum
Large intestine main function
*the absorption of water into the body to form solid waste
*also allows for absorption of vitamin K produced by microbes inside large intestine
large intestine absorbs
*water
*vitamin K
*biotin
*sodium ions
*chloride ions
resident gut bacteria in large intestine function
help keep populations of pathogenic bacteria in check
appendix function
serves as a reservoir for beneficial species of bacteria, though it is often infected with harmful microbes.
large intestine characteristics
begins at ileocecal valve and terminates at the anus
cecum charicteristcs
*pouch
*first portion of the large intestine
*recieves chyme from the small intestine
*site of appendix
colon characteristics
*middle portion of the large intestine
*further subdivided into 4
subdivided parts of colon
*ascending colon (right side of body )
*transverse colon (extends across abdominal cavity)
*descending colon (left side of body)
*sigmoid colon (lies in pelvic cavity and becomes the rectum)
how does large intestine pass on chyme
haustra
haustra characteristics
pouch-like sacculations
haustra function
formed by contraction of smooth muscle within muscular layer
how are the walls of the large intestine lubricated
by mucus secreted by goblet cells
rectum characteristics
*final 12-15 cm of large intestine
*curves to conform to the shape of the sacrum and coccyx bone
anal canal characteristics
ends with involuntary internal sphincter and voluntary external sphincter
rectal ampula function
storage area for feces before eliminated in the process called dedication
feces consists of
bacteria, water, undigested material, epithelial cells, and bile (accounts fr the brown coloration)
