Immune system

Question 1

What happens when in case of a laceration with bacteria or virus entering through

Answer 1

Cut will encounter specific kinds of white blood cells that ingest pathogens by phagocytosis. One type being a macrophage. After consuming ht e pathogen, the macrophage is able to put parts of the ingested antigens on its cell membrane to alert patrolling Cells. The macrophage then takes o the role of Antigen presenting cell.

Question 2

What cells function as antigen presenting cells

Answer 2

*Macrophages after consuming a pathogen
*Dendritic cells
*B cells

Question 3

Macrophages

Answer 3

*consume pathogens and display them becoming antigen presenting cells
*produce cell signaling molecules, cytokines

Question 4

Cytokines function

Answer 4

broadcast the location of pathogens to other white blood cells

Question 5

histamine function

Answer 5

triggers capillary permeability and vasodilation.
These effects make it easier for more white blood cells to leak from the capillaries into the area in need of defense.

Question 6

Interferons

Answer 6

Prevent virus replication

Question 7

External innate immune system

Answer 7

*skin
*hair
*mucus
*earwax
*secretions (acid, salt, enzymes)
*Nomrla flora

Question 8

Internal innate immune system

Answer 8

*antimicrobials
*inflammation
*interferons
*complement
*phagocytes (including APC)

Question 9

Adaptive immune system Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 9

kill pathogens

Question 10

B cells

Answer 10

Adaptive immune system and produce antibodies

Question 11

helper T cells activated by

Answer 11

APC

Question 12

T cells undergo maturation in

Answer 12

the thymus and mature T cells become activated into helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and memory cells

Question 13

Helper T cells secrete

Answer 13

interleukins

Question 14

interleukins

Answer 14

Chemical messengers that trigger the action of other cells
Ex. The attack of forge in cells by cytotoxic T cell

Question 15

Cell mediated immunity (humoral immunity)

Answer 15

a type of adaptive immunity in which T lymphocytes attack parasitic worms, cancer cells, transplanted tissue, or cells that contain pathogens.

Question 16

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 16

are specialized to kill infected or abnormal cells. some produce memory t cells that respond to subsequent infections

Question 17

helper T cells

Answer 17

secrete cytokines that stimulate the division of T and B cels while alerting other types of WBCs

Question 18

regulatory (suppressor) T cells

Answer 18

inhibit T and B cells to stop the immune response

Question 19

B cells involved in

Answer 19

humoral-mediated immunity. They encounter freely circulating antigens

Question 20

plasma cells

Answer 20

secrete antibodies that bind to antigens

Question 21

memory cells produce

Answer 21

antibodies but only during a subsequent infection

Question 22

neutrophiles

Answer 22

account for most of the white blood cells in the blood stream. phagocytes that are usually the first to arrive at the site of infection

Question 23

eosinophils

Answer 23

regulate inflammatory responses and release chemicals that kill foreign invaders, often parasitic worms

Question 24

mast cells and basophils

Answer 24

both release histamine to promote inflammation and heparin to inhibit clotting

Question 25

macrophages

Answer 25

largest leukocytes that engulf debris and pathogenic microorganisms

Question 26

dendritic cells

Answer 26

activate T cells

Question 27

natural killer cells

Answer 27

not phagocytes; they destroy cells that have been infected with a pathogen by binding to them and releasing granzymes that trigger apoptosis