Respiratory System Flashcards
Which are components of the upper respiratory tract?
Larynx, Pharynx, and Nasal Cavity
What are components of the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli
What is the main structure located between the laryngopharynx and the trachea?
larynx
What is the intake of air during the respiratory cycle?
Inspiration
What is hypoxemic hypoxia
Inadequate pulmonary gas exchange
What is ischemic hypoxia
Inadequate circulation of blood
What is Anemic Hypoxia?
Inability of the blood to carry adequate oxygen due to anemia
What is histotoxic hypoxia?
Metabolic poison prevents tissues form using the oxygen delivered to them
List the airways in order of airflow as air enters the lungs
1: Primary bronchus
2: Secondary bronchus
3: Tertiary bronchus
4: Terminal bronchiole
5: Respiratory bronchiole
6: Alveolar duct
What is an acid-base imbalance in which blood pH is lower than 7.35?
Acidosis
Most of the surface area for gas exchange within the respiratory system is found within the many _______ of the lungs?
Alveoli
The nasal septum is composed of what types of tissue?
bone and hyaline cartilage
Summarize the Bohr effect
The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissue due to increased acidity
The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after exhalation of the tidal volume is what?
expiratory reserve volume
How is air modified as it passes through the meatus in between two nasal conchae?
It is cleansed, humidified, and warmed
What factors would decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
Increased temperature and increased bisphosphoglycerate production by RBC
What term refers to the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one cycle of quiet breathing?
Tidal volume
What separates the nasal cavity into left and right halves?
nasal septum
What is oxyhemoglobin?
hemoglobin with one or more oxygen molecules bound to it
What is deoxyhemoglobin?
hemoglobin with no oxygen bound to it
What is carboxyhemoglobin?
hemoglobin with carbon monoxide bound to it
What is carbaminohemoglobin?
compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide
Which term refers to an acid-base imbalance in which the blood pH is higher than 7.45?
alkalosis
What are the roles of the respiratory system?
Supply the body with oxygen; play a role in regulating blood pressure (lungs play critical role in production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor); assist in the removal of carbon dioxide, and functions in vocalization and speech
insufficient oxygen levels in a tissue is called what?
hypoxia
How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
as a bicarbonate
What airway supplies air to a single bronchopulmonary segment of the lungs?
tertiary bronchus
Which airway supplies air to one of the two lungs?
primary bronchus
What are the hairlike structures on epithelial cells in teh tracheal lumen called?
cilia