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A&P internet cards > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Which circuit supplies oxygen and nutrients to all organs and removes their metabolic wastes?

A

Systemic

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2
Q

The force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall.

A

Blood pressure

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3
Q

The outermost layer of arteries

A

Tunica externa

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4
Q

Which substances leave the body by diffusing directly through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells?

A

steroid hormones, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

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5
Q

List the three classes of arteries in order from smallest to largest

A

1: Resisting arteries
2: Distributing arteries
3: Conducting arteries

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6
Q

Where are continuous capillaries most likely found?

A

Most tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle)

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7
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries most likely found?

A

Organs that engage in rapid absorption or filtration of small molecules (e.g. small intestine, kidneys)

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8
Q

Where are sinusoids (type of capillary) most likely found?

A

Areas where large proteins and cells need to enter or leave the bloodstream (e.g. liver and spleen)

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9
Q

What layers do capillary walls consist of?

A

endothelium, basal lamina

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10
Q

The purpose of which circuit is for the blood to release carbon dioxide and picking up oxygen?

A

Pulmonary

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11
Q

List the layers (tunics) of the arteries and veins in order, from innermost to outermost layer.

A

1: Tunica intima,
2: Tunica media,
3: Tunica adventitia

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12
Q

Which class of artery are large, elastic arteries?

A

conducting arteries

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13
Q

Which class of artery are medium sized, muscular arteries?

A

Distributing arteries

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14
Q

Which class of artery are small arteries that are too variable to be given individual name?

A

Resistance arteries

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15
Q

The narrowest type of blood vessel in the cardiovascular system that engages in fluid exchange with surrounding tissues is called what?

A

capillary

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16
Q

What is the function of the arterial sense organs?

A

monitor blood chemistry and blood pressure

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17
Q

What is a capillary bed?

A

A network of capillaries supplied by a single arteriole or metarteriole.

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18
Q

What directly affects peripheral resistance?

A

vessel length, vessel radius, and blood viscosity

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19
Q

The ability of a tissue to adjust to its own blood supply through vasomotion or angiogenesis is known as what?

A

autoregulation

20
Q

What does Anglotensin II do?

A

Potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure

21
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

promotes Na+ retention, which increases blood volume and raises blood pressure.

22
Q

What do Natriuretic peptides do?

A

Promote Na+ excretion, which reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure

23
Q

What do antidiuretic hormones do?

A

Increase blood pressure by promoting water retention; acts as a vasoconstrictor at extremely high concentrations

24
Q

What are the smallest of the veins?

A

postcapillary venules

25
Q

Which layer of the vein wall contains smooth muscle?

A

tunica media

26
Q

Which layer of the vein wall is composed of connective tissue?

A

tunica externa

27
Q

What are the smallest resistance arteries called?

A

arterioles

28
Q

Arterioles are the smallest type of which artery?

A

resistance arteries

29
Q

List the branches of the aortic arch in order from the most proximal branch to the most distal branch

A

1: Brachiocephalic trunk
2: Left common carotid
3: Left subclavian

30
Q

What is the accumulation of excess interstitial (tissue) fluid?

A

edema

31
Q

Which pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during ventricular relaxation?

A

Diastolic pressure

32
Q

Which hormones influence blood pressure?

A

Aldosterone, Epinephrine, Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), Angiotensin II, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

33
Q

Which of the three primary categories of blood vessels carries blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

34
Q

What term refers to the flow of blood back to the heart?

A

venous return

35
Q

Summarize the general process of capillary fluid exchange.

A

Fluid moves out of a capillary bed at the arterial end, exchanges materials with the tissue cells, then reenters the blood at the venous end

36
Q

What term refers to chronic low resting blood pressure?

A

Hypotension

37
Q

List the vessels in order starting with those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure

A

1: Aorta
2: Systemic artery
3: Capillary
4: Venule
5: Systemic Vein
6: Superior Vena Cava

38
Q

What is a possible cause of hypovolemic shock?

A

severe dehydration

39
Q

What is a possible cause of obstructed venous return shock?

A

tumor growth

40
Q

What is a possible cause of neurogenic shock?

A

Brainstem trauma

41
Q

What is a possible cause of septic shock?

A

Bacterial infection

42
Q

Arterial sense organs monitor blood chemistry and blood pressure in order to help regulate what?

A

heart rate, respiration rate

43
Q

List the arteries of the upper limb in order from the most proximal to the most distal

A

1: Axillary artery
2: Brachial Artery
3: Radial artery
4: Deep palmar arch

44
Q

What is an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure?

A

baroreflex

45
Q

What is a baroreflex?

A

an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure

46
Q

What term refers to a small vessel that empties into a capillary?

A

arteriole

47
Q

What term refers to a small vessel that drains a capillary?

A

venule

A&P internet cards (19 decks)

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