Endocrine System Flashcards
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone:
thyroid stimulating hormone
The three types of interactive effects hormones can have:
Permissive,
Synergistic,
Antagonistic
Excessive hormone release:
hypersecretion
Hormone that stimulates the secretion of ovarian sex hormones and the development of ovarian follicles
Follicle stimulating hormone
Hormones classified as steroid hormones:
Testosterone,
Cortisol
Hormones exert their action only on cells with specific ______ that hormones bind to.
Receptors
A potent glucocorticoid that stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the release of fatty acids into the blood:
Cortisol
Peptide hormones
Insulin,
Follicle stimulating hormone,
Oxytocin
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone:
luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is a hormone receptor?
A specific protein or glycoprotein embedded in the plasma membrane
Which area of the brain monitors conditions within and outside of the body?
Hypothalamus
Which hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
Estradiol,
Progesterone,
Inhibin
Which hormone(s) are secreted by the pituitary gland?
Growth Hormone (GH)
What is the elongated, spongy gland located below and behind the stomach, and is primarily an exocrine digestive gland?
pancreas
Why is it difficult for steroids and thyroid hormone to travel through the blood?
they are hydrophobic
Which are monoamines?
Norepinephrine,
Dopamine,
What type of glands are gonads considered to be when they secrete eggs and sperm?
exocrine
What condition is a disruption of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from hyposecretion or inaction of insulin?
Diabetes Mellitus
What are the early symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?
“The three polys”,
polyuria (excessive urine output),
polydipsia (intense thirst),
and polyphagia (ravenous hunger)
Through which structures can cell-to-cell communications be accomplished?
Hormones, Paracrines, gap junctions, and neurotransmitters
Layers of adrenal gland, from superficial to deep:
Connective tissue capsule, Adrenal Cortex (zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, zona reticularis), adrenal medulla
The study of glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones
Endocrinology
What would you expect to see in a urinalysis of an untreated diabetic?
glycosuria and ketonuria
Once a steroid or thyroid hormone binds to its receptor, the receptor-hormone complex associates with a target gene and controls which of the following?
transcription