Respiratory system

Question 1

function of surfactant

Answer 1

-helps to prevent alveoli from collapsing by interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

Question 2

organs that make up respiratory system

Answer 2

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi

Question 3

where does gas exchange happen?

Answer 3

alveoli

Question 4

what filters the mucus and dirt, keeping lungs debris free?

Answer 4

cilia

Question 5

larynx vs. trachea

Answer 5

• larynx keeps food and drink out of the airway, contains voice box
• trachea is the windpipe, below larynx and has c shaped hyaline cartilage

Question 6

where are respiratory control centers?

Answer 6

-medulla and pons

Question 7

what process helps exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Answer 7

-alveolar gas exhcange

Question 8

right lung vs. left lung

Answer 8

• right lung is shorter than left lung because of liver; has three lobes (superior, middle, and inferior) separated by horizontal oblique fissure
• left lung is taller and narrower because of heart; has cardiac impression, has two lobes (superior, inferior) separated by oblique fissure

Question 9

respiratory diseases

Answer 9

• hypoxia: inadequate gas exchange/ deficiency of oxygen
• COPD: long term obstruction of airflow and reduction in pulmonary ventilation
• emphysema: destruction of walls of alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation

Question 10

compare and contrast relationship between inhalation, exhalation, and ventilation

Answer 10

• inhalation is air movement from mouth and nose to alveoli
• exhalation is air movement from alveoli to mouth and nose
• ventilation is inhalation + exhalation

Question 11

compare and contrast dead space and tidal volume

Answer 11

• dead space volume: air that remains in conducting zone and never reaches alveoli (~150mL)
• tidal volume: volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle during quiet breathing (500mL)

Question 12

emphysema

Answer 12

destruction of walls of alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation

Question 13

obstruction pulmonary disease

Answer 13

• any disorder in which there is a long-term obstruction of airflow and a substantial reduction in pulmonary ventilation
• chronic bronchitis and emphysema