Lymphatic System

Question 1

define lymph node

Answer 1

-a capsule in the lymph vessels that are filled with B cells and T cells

Question 2

define lymph fluid

Answer 2

• excess tissue fluid carried by lymphatic vessels

- fluid continually filters from blood capillaries into the tissue spaces; excess fluid carried by lymphatic vessels

Question 3

define red and white pulp of the spleen

Answer 3

• white pulp is made of lymphocytes and macrophages and surrounds small branches of splenic artery
• red pulp is sinuses filled with erythrocytes

Question 4

function of lymphatic system

Answer 4

• transport clean fluids back to the blood
• drain excess fluids from tissues
• removes debris from cells of body
• transports fats from digestive system

Question 5

how the lymphatic system works

Answer 5

• Network of organs and veinlike vessels that recover fluid
• Inspect it for disease agents
• Activate immune responses
• Return fluid to the bloodstream

Question 6

compare and contrast lymphatic and circulatory system

Answer 6

• circulatory system provides one way for blood to leave the heart (arterial system) and two ways for it to return (venous and lymphatic)
• lymphatic system is a secondary pathway back to the heart, parallel to blood system

Question 7

two major lymphatic ducts

Answer 7

right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct

Question 8

right lymphatic duct- where it receives lymph from and where it empties

Answer 8

-receives lymph from right arm, right side of head and thorax, and empties into right subclavian vein

Question 9

thoracic duct- where it receives lymph from and where it empties

Answer 9

• (larger and longer than right lymphatic duct)
• receives lymph from below diaphragm, left arm, left side of head, neck and thorax, and empties into left subclavian vein

Question 10

what can and cannot enter lymph system?

Answer 10

-proteins, cell debris, bacteria, viruses, cancer cells enter lymph vessels

Question 11

relationship between B cells, bone marrow, T cells and thyamus

Answer 11

• T cells mature in thymus

- B cells mature in bone marrow

Question 12

area where lymph nodes populate

Answer 12

• cervical lymph nodes- in neck
• axillary lymph nodes- in armpit
• thoracic lymph nodes- in thoracic cavity
• abdominal lymph nodes- posterior abdominopelvic wall
• intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes- in mesenteries, adjacent to appendix
• inguinal lymph nodes- in groin
• popliteal lymph nodes- back of knee

Question 13

what systems would you find mucous membrane lining?

Answer 13

• digestive
• urinary
• reproductive
• respiratory

Question 14

what happens when lymphatic system malfunctions?

Answer 14

• build up of fluid in various regions of body
• lymphedema
• poor circulation

Question 15

four classes of T cells: cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells)

Answer 15

-carry out attack

Question 16

four classes of T cells: helper T cells

Answer 16

-help promote Tc cells and B cell action and non specific defense mechanisms

Question 17

four classes of T cells: memory T cells

Answer 17

-provide immunity from future exposure to antigen

Question 18

four classes of T cells: regulatory T cells

Answer 18

limit immune response

Question 19

haptens vs. antigens

Answer 19

• antigens trigger immune response

- haptens are small and cause response if attached to large carrier protein

Question 20

compare and contrast T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

Answer 20

• T lymphocytes develop in thymus; cell mediated immunity
• B lymphocytes develop in bone marrow; produce antibodies
• both have memory function

Question 21

stages of fever and major processes

Answer 21

• defense mechanism

- stages: onset, stadium, defervescence

Question 22

hypersensitivity

Answer 22

-allergy; excessive immune reaction against antigens that most people tolerate- allergens

Question 23

HIV and treatment

Answer 23

• HIV invades helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells by tricking them to internalize viruses by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
• azidothymidine inhibits reverse transcription