Endocrine System Flashcards
exocrine vs endocrine glands
- Endocrine glands: no ducts; contain dense, fenestrated capillary networks which allow easy uptake of hormones into blood stream; internal secretions; intercellular effects such as altering cell metabolism (used within organ or may go into blood stream and funnel out)
- Exocrine glands: have ducts that carry secretions to epithelial surface or mucosa of digestive tract; external secretions; extracellular effects (food digestion)
nervous system vs endocrine system in response to internal and external stimuli
- Nervous system: electrical and chemical; serves for external communication; reacts quickly and stops quickly (ex. dog chasing you); response adapts quickly to long term stimuli (quicker to respond, quicker to die off), area of effect is targeted and specific (one organ)
- Endocrine system: only chemical; reacts slowly and effects may last for weeks (ex. jumpy every time you see dog after being chased); adapts slowly to long term stimuli; general area of effect and wide spread effects (ex. many organs- reproductive system, etc)
what organs or cells do hormones act on?
- Hormones: chemical messengers that travel through blood stream and stimulate physiological responses of further organs
- pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, parathyroid, gonads
- act on target cells
what are target cell/ organs roles?
-organs or cells that have receptors for a hormone and can respond to it (like lock and key)
parts of the pituitary gland
- adenohypophysis: anterior pituitary; arises from hypophyseal pouch (outgrowth of throat)
- neurohypophysis: posterior pituitary; down growth from brain
endocrine system function
-what events does it help us adapt to?
-helps to adapt to stress
know what chemicals are referred to as both a neurotransmitter and hormone (5)
norepinephrine cholecystokinin thyrotropin releasing hormone dopamine antidiuretic hormone
what are hormones and what is their function?
chemical messengers that travel in the blood stream to stimulate physiological responses in other tissues and organs
stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
GAS: consistent was the body reacts to stress; typically involves elevated levels of epinephrine and glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Stages:
- alarm reaction
- stage of resistance
- stage of exhaustion
what are neurotransmitters and what is their function?
released from neurons to travel across synaptic cleft to second cell
know all organs that are considered to be an endocrine gland (9)
pineal gland hypothalamus pituitary gland thyroid gland thymus adrenal gland pancreas parathyroid gland gonads
function of pineal gland
- function with circadian rhythm
- synthesizes melatonin and serotonin during the night
function of the thymus -what systems does it have a role in
- role in endocrine, lymphatic, and immune systems
- site of maturation of T cells important in immune defense
- secretes hormones (thymopoietin, thymosin, thymulin) that stimulate development of other lymphatic organs and activity of T lymphocytes
T/F: Exocrine glands have no ducts and contain dense fenestrated capillary networks, which allows easy uptake of hormones into the blood stream.
False
T/F: The pituitary gland is composed of two parts: anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis).
True