Development and Inheritance Flashcards
T/F: embryology is the study of prenatal development.
true
T/F: there are three germ layers in an embryo.
true
T/F: Amnion is the transparent sac that develops from epiblast. It fills with amniotic fluid that protects the embryo from trauma, infections, and temperature fluctuations and is only penetrated by the umbilical cord.
true
T/F: Tubal pregnancy is a synonym for ectopic pregnancy.
false
T/F: Monozygotic twins form when one egg is fertilized (one zygote) but the embryoblast later divides into two. These individuals are genetically identical, of the same sex, and nearly identical in appearance.
true
T/F: A blastocyst is a solid sphere made up of three layers (trophoblast, embryoblast, and bastocoel)
false- blastocyst is a hollow sphere
T/F: During fetal blood circulation, blood bypasses the lung, going directly from the right atrium to the left atrium via a hole in the interventricular septum.
true
T/F: Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote.
false- the union of two gametes
T/F: An egg must be fertilized within 36-48 hours of ovulation if it is to survive.
false- within 12-24 hours
T/F: From puberty through adulthood, reproductive function is regulated by hormonal links between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland only.
?
T/F: Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, composed of 4 month intervals.
false- 3 month intervals
At 16 days old, an embryo consists of three primary germ layers. Which are the correct terms for the three primary germ layers:
a. Mesoderm
b. Endoderm
c. Ectoderm
d. Hectoderm
e. A-C
e. A-C
Polyspermy is the act of:
a. An egg being fertilized by one sperm
b. A sperm fertilizing an egg with no genetic material
c. An egg being fertilized by a defected sperm
d. A sperm fertilizing 2 or more eggs
e. An egg being fertilized by two or more sperm
e. An egg being fertilized by two or more sperm
Mitotic divisions that occur in the first 3 days while the conceptus migrates down uterine tube is known as ____________.
a. Cleavage
b. Zygote
c. Fertilization
d. Embryogensis
e. Implantation
a. Cleavage
The nervous system is derived from the _______________ germ layer.
a. Ectoderm
b. Fectoderm
c. Mesoderm
d. Endoderm
a. Ectoderm
Which of the following is not considered a preembryonic stage?
a. Implosion
b. Cleavage
c. Implantation
d. Embryogenesis
a. Implosion
The bladder and glands of the respiratory system is derived from the _______________ germ layer.
a. Ectoderm
b. Fectoderm
c. Mesoderm
d. Endoderm
d. Endoderm
Cartilage, blood and the skeletal system is derived from the _______________ germ layer.
a. Ectoderm
b. Fectoderm
c. Mesoderm
d. Endoderm
c. Mesoderm
During neonates transitional period:
a. Their heart and respiratory rates increase; body temperature falls
b. The physical activity declines and baby sleeps for about 3 hours
c. They often gags on mucus and debris in the pharynx
d. All of the above
e. All of the above
What is the function of syncytiotophoblast?
a. Grows into the uterus like little roots
b. Closes the embryoblast
c. To maintain in contact with the endometrium
d. To force the blastocyst to divide.
a. Grows into the uterus like little roots
By the end of 5 weeks during embryonic folding and organogenesis the thoracic cavity has subdivided into the ______________.
a. Pleural cavity
b. Pericardial cavity
c. Mediastinum cavity
d. Pleural and mediastinum cavities
e. Pericardial and pleural cavities
e. Pericardial and pleural cavities
Allantois is a type of embryonic membrane that begins as an outpocketing of the yolk sac. It will become ________.
a. Part of the urinary bladder
b. A testis
c. Part of the large intestine
d. Internal umbilical cord
a. Part of the urinary bladder
Blastocyst is a hallow ball that forms during the preembryonic stage of pregnancy. This ball is three layer, which of the following is not a layer of a blastocyst?
a. Blastocoels
b. Blastomere
c. Trophoblast
d. Embryoblast
b. Blastomere
Which of the follow is not true about “dizygotic” twins?
a. Form from two eggs being fertilized at the same time by two different sperms
b. No more or less genetically similar than any other siblings
c. Implant separately in the uterine wall and each forms its own placenta
d. Genetically identical, of the same sex, and nearly identical in appearance
e. Account for about two-thirds of twins
d. Genetically identical, of the same sex, and nearly identical in appearance
Having an extra chromosome produces a triple set is commonly known as ___.
a. Nondisjuction
b. Monosomy
c. Sampling
d. Trisomy
e. Nullisomy
d. Trisomy
Gonads begin to develop ______________.
a. 2 to 3 weeks after fertilization
b. 5 to 6 weeks after fertilization
c. 8 to 9 weeks after fertilization
d. 20 to 24 weeks after fertilization
e. At birth
?
c. 8-9 weeks after fertilization
- The cessation of menstruation is called ______________.
a. Menopause
b. Climacteric
c. Atresia
d. Puberty
e. Menstrual
a. Menopause
The morula stage happens when the conceptus arrives to the uterus, this usually happens within ______ hours.
a. 12
b. 24
c. 36
d. 48
e. 72
e. 72
During gestation the conceptus is nourished in three different, overlapping ways which of the following is not a nutrient pathway?
a. Uterine milk
b. Trophoblastic nutrition
c. Placental nutrition
d. Umbilical milk
d. Umbilical milk
The umbilical cord is formed of :
a. Two umbilical arteries
b. One umbilical vein
c. Two shunts
d. Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
e. One umbilical vein two shunts
d. two umbilical arteries, one umbilical vein
The three primary germ layers of an embryo consist of all the following except:
a. Ectoderm
b. Fectoderm
c. Endoderm
d. Mesoderm
b. fectoderm
Vast majority of sperm do not make it to egg because they
a. Are destroyed by vaginal acid or drain out of vagina
b. Are fail to penetrate the mucus of the cervical canal
c. Are destroyed by leukocytes in the uterus
d. Half of the sperm go up wrong uterine tube
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
The fetus has several shunts to help with blood circulation, the ___________ allows for blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit moving directly from the right atrium to the left atrium.
a. Umbilical placental circuit
b. Ductus arteriosus
c. Foramen ovale
d. Ductus venosus
c. Foramen ovale
The preembryonic stage has three major processes it undergoes during the first 16 days of development. These major processes include all of the following expect:
a. Implantation
b. Burrowing
c. Cleavage
d. Embryogenesis
e. All of the above
b. Burrowing
The fetus has several shunts to help with blood circulation; the ___________ allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta.
a. Umbilical placental circuit
b. Ductus arteriosus
c. Foramen ovale
d. Ductus venosus ¬
b. Ductus arteriosus
Stretching of uterus increases OT release, causes contractions, causing more stretching of uterus, etc. until delivery. This is an example of ________ feedback.
a. Positive
b. Negative
a. Positive
The fetus has several shunts to help with blood circulation, the ___________ allows for Placental blood to bypasses the liver and flow into the inferior vena cava (IVC).
a. Umbilical placental circuit
b. Ductus arteriosus
c. Foramen ovale
d. Ductus venosus
d. Ductus venosus
Which of the following statements is not true concerning a neonate’s transitional period?
a. It’s the first 6 to 8 hours of life
b. Heart and respiratory rates decrease; body temperature rise
c. Their physical activity declines and baby sleeps for about 3 hours; second period of activity, baby often gags on mucus and debris in the pharynx; baby sleeps again and becomes more stable
d. They settle into a cycle of waking every 3 to 4 hours to feed
b. Heart and respiratory rates decrease; body temperature rises
Infants born before 7 months tend to suffer from
a. Immature liver
b. Digestive issues
c. Thermoregulatory
d. Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Alcohol, nicotine, diagnostic x-rays, microorganisms are considered _______ and can lead to ________.
a. Teratology; birth defects
b. Congenital anomalies; birth defects
c. Deformities; anomalies
d. Teratogens; teratology
e. Teratogens; birth defects
e. Teratogens; birth defects
Sickle cell is an inheritable ______________ disease.
a. Dominant
b. Autosomal
c. Recessive
d. Co-dominant
?
d. co-dominant
