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a&p ii > CH18 Blood > Flashcards

CH18 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Major functions of blood

A
  • transport- O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells
  • protection- Inflammation, limit spread of infection, destroy microorganisms and cancer cells, neutralize toxins, and initiate clotting
  • regulation- fluid balance stabilizes pH of ECF, and temperature control
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2
Q

Physical characteristics of blood- pH, viscosity, volume, color changes

A
  • pH about 7.40
  • viscosity of who blood is 4.5-5.5x more than water; changes based on BP, hydration, etc
  • adults have about 4-6L
  • color changes based on O2
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3
Q

Categorize formed elements of the blood: erythrocytes

A

-RBCs carry O2 and CO2

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4
Q

Categorize formed elements of the blood: leukocytes

A
  • WBCs
  • granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
  • agranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes
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5
Q

Categorize formed elements of the blood: thrombocytes

A

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6
Q

Distinguish between blood groups and blood types

A

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7
Q

Understand the anatomy of erythrocytes

A

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8
Q

*Understand the developmental formation of RBSs (erythropoiesis), including: pluripotent stem cells, myeloid stem cells, reticulocyte, and mature erythrocyte

A

pluripotent stem cell –> erythrocyte colony forming unit (first committed cell; has receptors for erythropoietin from kidneys)–> erythroblast (multiply and synthesize hemoglobin) –> reticulocyte (formed after nucleus is discarded)–> mature erythrocyte

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9
Q

Five different types of anemia and the medical causes of each

A

caused by inadequate erythropoiesis or hemoglobin synthesis:

  • iron deficiency anemia
  • pernicious anemia: inadequate vitamin B12
  • hypoplastic anemia: slowing of erythropoiesis
  • aplastic anemia: complete cessation of erythropoiesis
  • Hemorrhagic anemias from bleeding
  • Hemolytic anemias from RBC destruction
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10
Q

Understand the developmental formation of WBCs (leukopoiesis) , and be able to distinguish between myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells

A

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11
Q

Understand how the ABO blood group works, including the significance of agglutinogens and agglutinins

A

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12
Q

Define the following terms related to the blood-clotting process: serum, clot, clotting (coagulation), clotting factors

A

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13
Q

Define Phagocyte

A

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14
Q

Define macrophage

A

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15
Q

Describe general functions of white blood cells: phagocytosis, immune responses, chemotaxis, emigration (diapedesis)

A

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16
Q

Describe the formation, structure, and function of platelets.

A

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17
Q

Describe the tissues involved when blood transfusions are done

A

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18
Q

Describe what is happening when agglutination occurs and know how to determine when blood transfusions are incompatible

A

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