CH19 Heart Flashcards
Define cardiology
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Define mediastinum
cavity between lungs
location of the heart
Define heart murmur
abnormal heart sound produced by regurgitation of blood through incompetent valves
Define contractility
to how hard the myocardium contracts for a given preload
Define auricle
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Define cardiovascular center
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Define fossa ovalis
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Describe major functions of the heart
maintain pressure and circulate blood to body and lungs?
Describe the location of the heart
mediastinum, between lungs
Distinguish between the atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar (SL) valves in terms of location, structure, function
- AV valves control blood flow between atria and ventricles
- right AV= tricuspid valve: has 3 cusps, between right atrium and right ventricle (moves blood from atrium to ventricle)
- left AV valve= mitral or bicuspid valve: has 2 cusps, between left atrium and left ventricle (moves blood from atrium to ventricle)
- SL valves control blood flow into great arteries
- pulmonary semilunar valve: between right ventricle and right pulmonary trunk (pumps blood from ventricle to pulmonary trunk and splits to left and right pulmonary arteries to go to lungs)
- aortic semilunar valve: between left ventricle and aorta (opens to pump blood to aorta to go to body)
Trace the pathway of blood as it flows through the heart and distinguish between systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation
blood comes through superior and inferior vena cava and into right atrium –> flows through right AV/ tricuspid valve into right ventricle –> right ventricle contracts forcing pulmonary valve open –> blood flows through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk –> distributed into left and right pulmonary arteries to lungs to unload CO2 and pick up O2 –> blood goes from lungs to pulmonary veins and into the left atrium –> atrium contracts pushing blood down through left AV/ bicuspid/ mitral valve into left ventricle –> mitral valve shuts, left ventricle contracts, forcing aortic semilunar valve open –> goes through aortic semilunar valve to aorta and into the body
Define pacemaker potential
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Understand pacemaker
-SA node triggers normal heart beat at about 60-100bpm (sinus rhythm) and is the natural pacemaker
Describe the structure and functions of the pericardium: fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium (parietal and visceral layers)
pericardial cavity
pericardial fluid
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Describe how the wall of the heart is constructed including the following layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
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