Respiratory PT Screening

Question 1

General respiratory system involvement=

Answer 1

sneezing
coughing
sputum

Question 2

Why is sneezing and coughing a sign of respiratory involvement?

Answer 2

sneezing: associated with inflammation or foreign material in the nasal passages
coughing: irritation from nasal discharge dripping into oropharynx or inflammation or foreign material in the lower respiratory tract

Question 3

Yellowish-green mucus can indicate:
Very large amounts of purulent, foul smelling sputum can indicate:
Thick, sticky mucus can indicate:
Hemoptysis can indicate:

Answer 3

bacterial infection
bronchiectasis
asthma, cystic fibrosis, TB
blood, pulmonary edema

Question 4

General breathing patterns of respiratory involvement:

Answer 4

kussmaul
labored
wheezing
stridor

Question 5

Eupnea

Answer 5

normal breathing

Question 6

Tachypnea

Answer 6

rapid superficial breathing in an irregular rhythm

Question 7

Bradypnea

Answer 7

slow respiratory rate, deeper than usual depth and regular rhythm

Question 8

Apnea

Answer 8

cessation of breathing

Question 9

Hyperpnea

Answer 9

increased depth of respiration with a normal to increased rate and rhythm

Question 10

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Answer 10

periodic breathing associated with periods of not. Usually at end of life

Question 11

Ataxic

Answer 11

periods of apnea alternating irregularly with a series of shallow breaths of equal depth

Question 12

Kussmauls respiration

Answer 12

deep, regular sighing respiration with increase of rate

Question 13

Apneusis

Answer 13

long, gasping inspiratory phase followed by a short, inadequate expiratory phase

Question 14

Obstructed breathing

Answer 14

long, ineffective expiratory phase with shallow, increased respirations

Question 15

Rales

Answer 15

light, bubbly or crackling sounds

Question 16

Rhonchi

Answer 16

deeper and harsher sounds (thicker mucus)

Question 17

Absence of sounds

Answer 17

nonaeration or collapse of lung

Question 18

Dyspnea is accompanied by …. use of …. or …of muscles between or above ribs.

Answer 18

flaring of nostrils
use of accessory respirations
retraction

Question 19

Orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when …

Answer 19

someone is lying down

Question 20

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 20

sudden acute dyspnea

Question 21

Tidal volume

Answer 21

amount of air passing in and out of lungs during rest

Question 22

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 22

amount of air that can be inspired above tidal volume

Question 23

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 23

amount of air that can be expired past normal breathing

Question 24

Residual volume

Answer 24

amount of air left in the lungs after forced expiratin

Question 25

Total lung capacity

Answer 25

comprised of all 4 values

Question 26

Vital capacity=

Answer 26

inspiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 27

FEV1

Answer 27

forced expiratory volume in the first second

Question 28

When FEV1/FVC% is lower than 70% what is this indicative of? What is normal?

Answer 28

obstructive ventilation disorder | over 80%

Question 29

In COPD, there is ... ERV and ... FEV. When there are chest wall restrictions, there is ... IRV and this can be caused by ...

Answer 29

decreased decreased decreased obesity, spinal kyphosis, ankylosing spondylitis, neurological disorders

Question 30

Areas for breath sounds

Answer 30

tracheal bronchial vesicular bronchovesicular

Question 31

How to listen to breath sounds:

Answer 31

have the person cough a few times place stethoscope at the upper chest and move sideways down across chest listen to a full inspiration/expiration prior to moving the stethoscope

Question 32

What do tracheal breath sounds sound like?

Answer 32

high-pitched, loud and hollow-sounding | expiration is louder

Question 33

Pathologies of trachea are ...

Answer 33

unusual

Question 34

Bronchial breath sounds are heard over ... of lung close to sternum. May also be heart along ... region. They sound more ... than tracheal because there is more soft tissue between lung and stethoscope. They sound ... on expiration. If they are heard in other areas, these are .... and require.... it could be indicative of ...

Answer 34

``` upper lobes costosternal muffled louder abnormal immediate referral fluid in lungs or compressed/consolidated lung ```

Question 35

Vesicular breath sounds are heard ....most of the chest. These are ... almost .. sounds and have a lower sound. ... is louder and may seem as though it .... than expiration. There is ... between end of expiration and beginning of inspiration. The sound is .... and there is loss of .... which means a ....

Answer 35

``` across softer, muffled inspiration lasts longer no pause abnormal strong vesicular sound lack of ventilation ```

Question 36

Bronchovesicular breath sounds are a combo of ... and ... sounds. They sound like vesicular on ... and bronchial on ... so pitch changes between the two. (....during expiration and ... during inspiration) There appears to be a ... Can hear it along .... Sound covers more of the chest in children under the age of ...

Answer 36

``` vesicular bronchial inspiration expiration muffled higher pitched pause anterior wall over the sternum and along costosternal borders 13 ```

Question 37

Abnormal breath sounds include

Answer 37

``` adventitious rales or crackles rhonchi absence stridor pleural rub ```

Question 38

Adventitious sounds

Answer 38

any sound that occurs along with normal breath sounds and typically indicate turbulence of air flow

Question 39

Rales or crackles are a .... sound that occurs during inspiration. Sound could be the .... suddenly opening up or when the air passes through mucus plugs.

Answer 39

popping | alveoli

Question 40

Different types of rales

Answer 40

``` wet dry fine medium coarse ```

Question 41

Wet rales

Answer 41

fluid in lungs and alveoli

Question 42

Dry rales

Answer 42

collapsed alveoli

Question 43

Fine rales Heard when? More common with?

Answer 43

fluid in terminal areas of the tracheobronchial tree. Heard at beginning of inspiration Slurping sound inflammation and congestion in the lungs

Question 44

Medium rales

Answer 44

louder than fine rales and can be heard at any stage of inspiration

Question 45

Coarse rales

Answer 45

sign of involvement of distal airway almost always serious almost always wet occurs at any point

Question 46

Rhonchi sounds like caused by can be ... (sibilant rhonchi) or ... (sonorous rhonchi)

Answer 46

wheezing deeper or harsher sounds from thicker mucus narrowing of the pulmonary tree within the trachea, bronchi or bronchioles high pitched low pitched

Question 47

``` Stridor sometimes can hear ... it is caused by ... sound that children have with.. worsened condition leads to stridor during .. and ... caused by ... ```

Answer 47

``` loud musical sound during inspiration without stethoscope obstruction in larynx or trachea croup inspiration and expiration tracheal stenosis ```

Question 48

Pleural rub Caused by Classic sign Physiologically what is happening?

Answer 48

continuous sound heard from the middle of inspiration to the beginning of expiration tissues surrounding lungs become inflamed which causes the lining to be rough and adherent resulting in pleural friction rub person stops breathing at the point of pain cells are sticking together and causing pain

Question 49

``` Bronchitis: Acute lasts Chronic lasts May have ... chest and show Diagnosis: ```

Answer 49

``` 2-3 weeks over 3 months barrel cyanosis Chest xray or CT Culture sputum ```

Question 50

Signs of emphysema | Why are lung infections common here?

Answer 50

barrel chest prolonged expiration viral, bacterial, fungi particles can easily propagate in the enlarged acini