Respiratory Pharmacology

Question 1

What are the two main categories of Asthma therapy?

Answer 1

Early phase bronchodilators for relief of symptoms

Late phase anti inflammatory agents prevention of attack

Question 2

Give an example of SABAs and LABAs and what do they do to the FEV1

Answer 2

SABAs - salbutamol

LABAs - salmeterol

Increase FEV

Question 3

What does an increase in cAMP prevent?

Answer 3

Histamine

Question 4

Due to long term use of b-adrenoceptors desensitisation occurs what happens during short, long and chronic activation?

Answer 4

Short - phosphorylation of receptor uncoupling of signalling

Long - internalisation of receptor (reversible)

Chronic - internalisation of receptor causes degradation irreversible

Question 5

Is airflow limitation reversible in asthma and COPD?

Answer 5

Reversible in asthma

Not fully in COPD

Question 6

What the the adverse effects of adrenoceptor agonists?

Answer 6

Tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia

Question 7

How do muscarnic M receptor antagonists work?

Answer 7

Block parasympathetic broncho constriction and inhibits mucous secretion

Question 8

What are side effects of antimuscarinic drugs?

Answer 8

Dry mouth 
Nausea/ headache 
Constipation 
Urinary retention 
Blurred vision

Question 9

What are side effects of xanthines?

Answer 9

Tremor, palpitations, nausea
CNS stimulation
Inhibition and induction of metabolism

Question 10

What is the mechanism for corticosteroids?

Answer 10

Alter gene transcription
Of annexin A1
Decreases cytokine and chemokine production

Question 11

What does annexin A1 do?

Answer 11

Inhibits PLA2 and therefore PGs

Question 12

What are side effects of corticosteroids?

Answer 12

Throat infections
Osteoporosis
Adrenal suppression in children
Indigestion

Question 13

What are the side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

Answer 13

Headache, rash
Nausea , jaundice
Mood disorders