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Pathology II Master > Respiratory Pathology (LS) > Flashcards

Respiratory Pathology (LS) Flashcards

1
Q

Exampe of Suppurative Bronchopneumonia in Cattle?

A

Enzootic Pneumonia of Calves

(Calf pneumonia)

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2
Q

3 examples of Fibronous bronchopneumonia in Cattle?

A
  • Shipping Fever → acute
  • Respiratory Histophilosis
  • Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
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3
Q

4 examples of Interstitial Pneumonia in Cattle?

A
  • Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema → Diffuse
  • Bovine Pasteurellosis
  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
  • Parasitic Pneumonia
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4
Q

3 examples of Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia in Cattle?

A
  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
  • Bovine Respiratory Syncytical Virus
  • Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3
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5
Q

Give an example of Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia in Pigs?

A

Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia

(Mycoplasma Pneumonia of Swine)

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6
Q

Which species get Granulomatous pneumonia due to TB?

A

Cattle

Swine

Horses

Dogs

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7
Q

Give 3 examples of Fibronous Bronchopneumonia seen in Pigs?

A
  • Porcine Pasteurellosis
  • Streptococcal pneumonia
  • Porcine pleuropneumonia
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8
Q

Give 3 examples of Suppurative Bronchopneumonia in Pigs?

A
  • Porcine pasteurellosis
  • Streptococcal pneumonia
  • Hemophilus pneumonia
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9
Q

3 things that cause Interstitial Pneumonia in Pigs?

A
  • Swine influenza
  • PRRS
  • PMWS
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10
Q

List 3 agents that can cause Parasititc Pneumonia in Pigs.

A
  • Metastrongylus apri
  • M. salmi
  • M. pudendotecus
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11
Q

What agent causes Ovine Pneumonic Pasturellosis?

What type of pneumonia is seen?

A
  • M. hemolytica biotype A
  • Fibronous bronchopneumonia
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12
Q

4 agents that make up Chronic Enzootic Pneumonia in sheep?

What type of pneumonia is seen?

A
  • M. hemolytica
  • P. multocida
  • Adenovirus
  • Chyamydia
  • Fibronous ALVEOLAR pneumonia
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13
Q

What is different about Maedi-Visna (Ovine Progressive Pneumonia)?

A

Causes severe interstitial pneumonia W/O alveolar HYPERplasia

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14
Q

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis causes what type of pneumonia?

A

Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia

ONLY GOATS

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15
Q

List the 3 parasites that cause Granulomatous Pneumonia in Sheep/Goats?

A
  • D. filarial
  • M. capillaris→ nodular, dorsal caudal lobes
  • P. rufescens → lobular
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16
Q

What agent causes Septic pasteurellosis & septicemic/embolic pneumonia in lambs < 5 mo.?

A

P. trehalosi

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17
Q

Large colonies of M. mycoides lead to fibrounous pleuropneumonia known as _____ ______ ____ in GOATS.

A

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

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18
Q

Rhodococcus equi causes ________ ______ in cranioventral part of young Equine lungs.

A

Pyogranulomatous pneumonia

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19
Q

2 things that cause Brochonpneumonia in Equines?

A
  • Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis → EHV-1 & EHV-4
  • Equine Influenza
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20
Q

What 3 things cause Granulomatous pneumonia in Equines?

A
  • TB
  • D. arnfieldi → mules & donkeys more
  • P. equorum when migrating
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21
Q

2 things that cause Suppurative Bronchopneumonia in K9s?

A
  • K9 Distemper + B. bronchioseptica/Mycoplasma
  • K9 Influenza
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22
Q

What type of pneumonia is caused by S. zooepidemicus in K9s?

A

Fatal Hemorrhagic Pleuropneumonia

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23
Q

What type of pneumonia is seen in K9s with Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum)?

A

Granulomatous Pnuemonia

(NO PUS!!)

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24
Q

What type of pneumonia is seen in K9s w/ Coccidioiomycosis (C. immitis)?

A

Pyogranulomatic pneumonia

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25
Q

What type of pneumonia is seen in Outdoor Hunting Dogs?

Cause?

A

Multifocal Pyogranulomatous Pneumonia

Blastomycosis dermatitidis

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26
Q

K9 Influenza A causes Bacterial Bronchopneumonia & is a mutation of what other species strain?

A

Equine Influenza H3N8

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27
Q

CHV-1 causes what 2 things in OLDER dogs?

A
  • URT infection→ Bronchopneumonia
  • Necrotizing rhino-tracheitits
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28
Q

What 3 things does Paraquat toxicity cause in Dogs?

A
  • Acute interstitial pneumonia
  • Edema
  • Hemorrhages
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29
Q

If a dog’s lungs don’t collapse when the thorax is opened, what should be at the top of your rule out list?

A

Uremic pneumopathy (pneumonia)

Interstitial pneumonia (hard like liver)

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30
Q

4 things that cause Granulomatous Pneumonia in K9s?

A
  • D. immitis →pulmonary hypertension
  • A. vasorum
  • P. kellikoti→pleural hemorrhages, eosinophilic granulomas
  • F. hirthi→ alveoli & brochioles
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31
Q

What causes pneumonitis & persistant conjunctivitis in Cats?

A

Chlamydophilia felis

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32
Q

3 things that cause Granulomatous Pneumonia is Cats?

A
  • TB
  • C. aerophilia →trachea & bronchi
  • D. immitis → pulmonary vessels
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33
Q

2 agents that cause Suppurative bronchopneumonia in cats?

A
  • P. multocida
  • B. bronchiseptica
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34
Q

What causes Multiple Granulomatous Pneumonia in Cats?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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35
Q

What causes Pyogranulomatous Pneumonia in Cats?

A

A. abstrustus → lung worm

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36
Q

2 causes Aspiration Pneumonia in Cats?

A
  • Endogenous lipids → cancerous lesions
  • Droplets of oil aspirated into lungs → multiple yellowish, white nodules; mottled appearance
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37
Q

Bronchopneumonia in a fetus is likely the result of what?

A

Contaminated meconium → intrauterine hypoxia & acidosis

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38
Q

What agents can cause Suppurative Bronchopneumonia in the Fetus if the amnoitic fluid is contaminated?

A
  • B. abortus
  • A. pyogenes
  • Fungi→ sometimes
  • Ureaplasma → sometimes
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39
Q

What 5 agents can cause Interstitial Pneumonia in Fetuses through hematogenous route?

A
  • Listeria
  • Salmonella
  • Chlamydia
  • PI-3 → cattle
  • EVR → horses
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40
Q

What makes up the Conductive Airways?

(5)

A
  • Nostrils
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
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41
Q

Pneumocyte 1 cells are in the membrane of Alveoli & assist in what?

A

Gas exchange

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42
Q

Pneumocyte 2 are glandular & assist in what?

A

repair of lung tissue

makes surfactant

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43
Q

What cell type is responsible for detoxification in the lungs?

A

Clara cells

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44
Q

How are inhaled particles handled by the lungs?

A
  1. Decompistion → stuck in mucosal surface
  2. Clearance → sneezing, coughing, phagocytosis
  3. Retension → if can’t clear it
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45
Q

4 defense mechanisms against Aerogenous agents?

A
  1. Sneeze, cough, bronchoconstriction→pharynx
  2. Mucocillary effect→ bronchi
  3. BALT
  4. Alveolar MØs
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46
Q

Which 4 species rely on Pulmonary INTRAVASCULAR MØs?

(live in interalveolar space)

A
  • Rumi’s
  • Pig
  • Horses
  • Cats
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47
Q

What 3 species rely on Hepatic & Splenic MØs?

A
  • Dogs
  • Rodents
  • Humans
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48
Q

Rhinosporidium seeberi causes Granulomatous Rhinitis in what 4 species?

A
  • Rumis
  • Horses
  • Dogs
  • Cats
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49
Q

3 Possible causes of Granulomatous Rhinitis (Nasal Granulomas) in animals?

A
  1. Mycotic
  2. Blood flukes
  3. Allergic
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50
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis cause be fatal if what happens?

A

concurent 2nddary bacterial pneumonia w/ M. hemolytica

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51
Q

4 Lesions of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis?

A
  • Red nose
  • Serous → mucopurulent nasal discharge
  • Ulcers → pharynx, larynx & trachea
  • IN inclusion bodies
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52
Q

Key sign of Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis?

(EHV-4)

A

Edematous swelling of pharyngeal lymph nodes

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53
Q

Equine Influenza (Type A Orthomyxovirus) causes what type of nasal discharge?

A

Serous → mucopurulent

54
Q

Is Equine Influenza usually seen in the nasal cavity?

A

NO!

55
Q

4 Lesions of Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)?

A
  • serous & mucopurulent rhinitis
  • palpebral edema
  • edema→ limbs & ventral abodmen
  • Hemorrhages all over
56
Q

What distinguishes Strangles (S. equi) from EVA?

A

Bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge right from the beginning

57
Q

2 main causes of Transitory Rhinits in Dogs?

A
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
58
Q

What causes these things in CATS?

  • Ulcerative keratitis
  • Hepatic necrosis
  • Abortion/Stillbirths
A

Feline Virus Rhinotracheitis

(FVR)

59
Q

What 2 things account for 80% of respiratory dz in Cats?

A
  • FVR → Feline Virus Rhinotracheitis
  • FCV → Feline Calicivirus
60
Q

Lesions of Feline Calicivirus (FCV)?

A
  • Ulcers in tongue & hard palate
  • Limping Kitten Syndrome → vax rxn
61
Q

Feline Chlamydiosis is caused by?

Lesions?

A
  • Chlamydophilia felis
  • Mild conjuctivitis
  • Serous to mucopurulent discharge
62
Q

What 3 big things make up Feline Respiratory Dz Complex?

A
  • FCV
  • FVR
  • FIP→ generalized Dz more than resp.
63
Q

What causes Inclusion Body Rhinitis in YOUNG pigs < 10 wks?

A

Porcine Cytomegalovirus

(herpes)

64
Q

Lesions of Inclusion Body Rhinitis?

A
  • Mucopurlent discharge w/ bacT infections
  • transient sneezing, conjunctivitis & lacrimations
65
Q

Atropic Rhinits commonly affects what age group of Pigs?

Lesions?

A

Pigs > 2 year (OLD)

Deformed snout

66
Q

Permanent abnormal dilation of bronchi from chonic bronchial obstruction & infection?

A

Bronchiectasis

67
Q

2 types of Bronchiectasis?

Who gets?

A
  • Saccular → cattle, dog, cat
  • Cylindrical → sheep, pig, goat
68
Q

Which 2 species suffer from Laryngeal Paralysis?

What nerve is damaged?

A
  • Dogs & Horses
  • Left Recurrent Laryngeal
69
Q

What 5 things can damage the LEFT Recurrent Laryngeal n. & lead to “Roaring”?

A
  1. guttural pouch mycosis
  2. retropharyngeal abscess
  3. metastatic neoplasms
  4. injury/inflammation in neck
  5. empyema of guttural pouch
70
Q

Lesions of Guttural Pouch Mycosis due to A. fumigatus?

A
  • Fibronecrotic exudate→ mucosa
  • Pharyngeal LN HYPERplasia
  • Fatal bleeding → erosion of Carotid Artery
71
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dz (COPD) in Equines is the result of?

A

Allergic Bronchitis

72
Q

Emphysema indicates what?

A

partial blockage

73
Q

Atelectasis indicates what?

A

Complete blockage

74
Q

Pathogenesis of COPD in horses?

A

chronic bronchitis → obstruction of 3° bronchioles & alveoli → emphysema or atelectasis

75
Q

What mix causes K9 Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)?

(2)

A

Virus

Bacteria

76
Q

Lesion of K9 Infectious Tracheobronchitis?

A

Necrosis & suppuration in trachiobronchi

77
Q

Lesions of Laryngeal Paralysis in Dogs?

A
  • Usually bilateral
  • Abnormal bark
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Aspiration pneumonia
78
Q

Feline Asthma is what Hypersensitivity type?

A

Type I

Allergic Bronchitis

79
Q

How do you TX Feline Asthma?

A

Steroids

80
Q

3 Lesions of Atelectasis?

A
  • empty alveoli
  • dark red, flabby, depressed lung tissue
  • closed alveoli
81
Q

4 causes of Congential Atelectasis?

A
  • Muconeum
  • Aspirate
  • Amniotic fluid
  • Hyaline membrane dz.
82
Q

2 causes of Acquired Atelectasis?

A
  • Compressive
  • Obstructive
83
Q

4 Lesions of Alveolar Emphysema?

A
  • excessive air in alveoli→ enlarged
  • destruction of alveoli walls
  • raised pale or white
  • dry, easily compressed w/ a finger
84
Q

2 Causes of Alveolar Emphysema?

A
  1. pressure of inhaled air
  2. incompletely closed bronchioles
85
Q

Which species are prone to Interstitial Emphysema?

A

Cattle

86
Q

What is the most common lesion of animals dying from sepsis, toxemia & pancreatitis?

TQ!

A

Pulmonary Edema!

87
Q

List the 4 NON-INFLAMMATORY causes of Pulmonary Edema.

A
  • Increased LEFT arterial pressure
  • Cardiac failure
  • Excessive fluid TX
  • Pulmonary Venous occulsion
88
Q

4 causes of INFLAMMATORY Pulmonary Edema?

A
  • Corrosive gases
  • Infectious agents
  • Systemic Toxins
  • Anaphylaxis → horses & cows
89
Q

Gross lesions of Pulmonary Edema?

A
  • Wet, heavy lungs
  • Lungs don’t collapse when thorax is opened
  • Foam & fluid in bronchi & trachea
90
Q

What pattern is seen in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A

Diffuse, alveolar pattern

91
Q

Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome?

A
  • MØs →cytokines
  • Neutrophils → free radicals
  • Permeability edema
92
Q

CS of Acute Respiratory Dz?

A

sudden onset of severe dyspnea

93
Q

4 main causes of Pulmonary HYPERtension?

(RIGHT ventricle)

A
  • Vasoconstriction of pulmonary arterioles
  • Vascular obstruction
  • Vascular volume overload
  • 2nddary
    • LEFT sided HF
    • Septal defect
    • L→ R shunt
    • Lung Dz.
94
Q

What is the most common form of Pneumonia?

A

Bronchopneumonia

95
Q

Lesions of Bronchopneumonia are located where?

A
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
96
Q

4 stages of Bronchopneumonia?

A
  1. Congestion → inflammatory, alveoli filled w/ exudate
  2. Red Hepatization→ hard lungs, dilated blood vessels
  3. Grey Hepatization→ congestions disappears, hard, grey alveoli
  4. Resolution
97
Q

What section of the lung is Bronchopneumonia located?

A

Cranio-ventral

98
Q

3 main causes of Bronchopneumonia?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Mycoplasma
  • Aspiration
99
Q

What happens in localized aspiration?

A
  • discrete FB granulomas
  • Lobar pneumonia or gangrene
  • Edema developement

VERY DANGEROUS

100
Q

What type of pattern does Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus induce?

TQ

A

Cranio-ventral pattern of Brochointerstital pneumonia

101
Q

Bronchopneumonia due to Actinobacillus is located where?

TQ

A

Middle & caudal lobes affected

(exception)

102
Q

What pattern of Bronchopneumonia do Dog & Cat’s get?

TQ

A

Cranio-ventral w/ patchy areas

103
Q

What pattern is seen in Suppurative Bronchopneumonia?

A
  • Lobular pattern
  • Mosaic pattern w/ red & gray
104
Q

Characteristics of Fibronous (Lobar) Bronchopneumonia

A
  • more fibronous exudate
  • hemorrhages
  • marbled appearance → more severe inflammatory response
  • Involves part or complete lobe
105
Q

Sequelae of Fibronous (Lobar) Bronchopneumonia.

3

A
  • Rarely resolves
  • Death→ pleuritis & pericarditis
  • Necrosis
106
Q

2 main causes of Interstitial Pneumonia?

Leading to?

A
  • aerogenous injury to alveolar capillaries
  • hematogenous injury to alveolar capillaries
  • inflammatory process →alveolar walls & interstitium
107
Q

Big hematogenous injury → alveolar capillaries → Interstitial Pneumonia!

Give examples!

A
  • Allergy →Type 3
  • Moldy potatoes
  • Kerosene
  • Paraquat poisoning
108
Q

What cell types are affected in Acute Interstitial Pneumonia?

2

A
  • Type 1 pneumocytes
  • Alveolar capillaries
109
Q

4 Lesions of Acute Interstitial Pneumonia?

A
  • Type 1 → Exudative phage →inflammatory edema & neutrophils
  • Type 2 → proliferative phage →hyperplasia of pneumocyte 2 cells
  • meaty, rubbery appearance to lungs
  • Severe form→ death
110
Q

4 Lesions of Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia?

A
  • Mononulclear inflammatory cells
  • Hyperplasia of smooth mm. in airways or pulmonary vasculature
  • Hyperplastic Type 2 pneumocytes
  • Whole lung, dorso-caudal region
111
Q

6 Classic Features of Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia?

A
  • failure of lungs to collapse
  • rib impressions
  • meaty appearance
  • no visible exudate
  • Heavy, elastic/rubbery texture
  • Diffuse pattern w/ red & pale, gray
112
Q

Sequelae of Chronic Interstital Pneumonia

3

A
  • Recovery
  • Death by pulmonary edema –> cattle
  • Healing by fibrosis
113
Q

Lesions of Emoblic Pneumonia (lung abscesses) due to Bronchopneumonia

A
  • Cranio-ventral
  • LARGE
  • Isolated
114
Q

Characteristics of Metastatic Lung abscesses due to Septic Emboli?

A
  • SMALL abscesses
  • Multiple
  • Widely distributed in the whole lung
115
Q

4 Sources of Septic Emboli?

TQ

A
  • Hepatic → cattle
  • Jugular catheter
  • Valvular endocarditis
  • Localized infections→ foot rot
116
Q

Causes of Infectious Granulomatous Pneumonia?

(4)

A
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Parasites
  • Viruses
117
Q

Lesions of Granulomatous Pneumonia?

A
  • single or multiple
  • soft,creamy yellow caseous exudate
  • Encapsulated granulomas are hard & gritty
118
Q

Pathogeneis of Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema?

A

lush grass → L-tryptophane converted to 3-methylindol → pneomotoxic → edema & blood

119
Q

Primary Tumors arise from what 2 areas?

A
  • Bronchiolar
  • Bronchioalveolar
120
Q

What 3 things accompany K9 Paraneoplastic Syndromes?

A
  • HYPERcalcemia
  • Endocrinopathies
  • Osteoarthropathy
121
Q

All Secondary Neoplasms are ________.

A

MALIGNANT

(2° neoplasms are more common)

122
Q

Secondary Neoplasms common to multiple species?

A
  • Hemangiosarcoma
  • Fibrosarcoma
  • Osteosarcoma
123
Q

What species get Pulmonary Adematosis?

Cell types are affected?

A
  • Sheep & goats
  • Pneumocyte II & Clara cells
124
Q

Cause of Pulmonary adenomatosis in Sheep & Goats?

A

Type B & D Retrovirus

125
Q

3 things that cause a Hydrothorax?

A
  • Edema
  • Neoplasia
126
Q

2 things that cause Pleuritis?

A
  • Infection
  • Trauma
127
Q

3 causes of Pyogranulomatous Pleuritis?

A
  • Nocardia
  • Actinomyces
  • FIP
128
Q

Cause of Tuberculosis Pleuritits?

A

Pearl Dz.

129
Q

Does Pleural mesothelioma metastasize?

A

RARELY!

130
Q

What 3 things can Alveolar MØs NOT kill!

A

Listeria

Mycobacterium

Rhodococcus

Pathology II Master (15 decks)

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