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Respiratory Pathology (LS) Flashcards

1
Q

Exampe of Suppurative Bronchopneumonia in Cattle?

A

Enzootic Pneumonia of Calves

(Calf pneumonia)

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2
Q

3 examples of Fibronous bronchopneumonia in Cattle?

A
  • Shipping Fever → acute
  • Respiratory Histophilosis
  • Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
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3
Q

4 examples of Interstitial Pneumonia in Cattle?

A
  • Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema → Diffuse
  • Bovine Pasteurellosis
  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
  • Parasitic Pneumonia
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4
Q

3 examples of Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia in Cattle?

A
  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
  • Bovine Respiratory Syncytical Virus
  • Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3
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5
Q

Give an example of Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia in Pigs?

A

Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia

(Mycoplasma Pneumonia of Swine)

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6
Q

Which species get Granulomatous pneumonia due to TB?

A

Cattle

Swine

Horses

Dogs

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7
Q

Give 3 examples of Fibronous Bronchopneumonia seen in Pigs?

A
  • Porcine Pasteurellosis
  • Streptococcal pneumonia
  • Porcine pleuropneumonia
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8
Q

Give 3 examples of Suppurative Bronchopneumonia in Pigs?

A
  • Porcine pasteurellosis
  • Streptococcal pneumonia
  • Hemophilus pneumonia
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9
Q

3 things that cause Interstitial Pneumonia in Pigs?

A
  • Swine influenza
  • PRRS
  • PMWS
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10
Q

List 3 agents that can cause Parasititc Pneumonia in Pigs.

A
  • Metastrongylus apri
  • M. salmi
  • M. pudendotecus
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11
Q

What agent causes Ovine Pneumonic Pasturellosis?

What type of pneumonia is seen?

A
  • M. hemolytica biotype A
  • Fibronous bronchopneumonia
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12
Q

4 agents that make up Chronic Enzootic Pneumonia in sheep?

What type of pneumonia is seen?

A
  • M. hemolytica
  • P. multocida
  • Adenovirus
  • Chyamydia
  • Fibronous ALVEOLAR pneumonia
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13
Q

What is different about Maedi-Visna (Ovine Progressive Pneumonia)?

A

Causes severe interstitial pneumonia W/O alveolar HYPERplasia

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14
Q

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis causes what type of pneumonia?

A

Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia

ONLY GOATS

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15
Q

List the 3 parasites that cause Granulomatous Pneumonia in Sheep/Goats?

A
  • D. filarial
  • M. capillaris→ nodular, dorsal caudal lobes
  • P. rufescens → lobular
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16
Q

What agent causes Septic pasteurellosis & septicemic/embolic pneumonia in lambs < 5 mo.?

A

P. trehalosi

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17
Q

Large colonies of M. mycoides lead to fibrounous pleuropneumonia known as _____ ______ ____ in GOATS.

A

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

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18
Q

Rhodococcus equi causes ________ ______ in cranioventral part of young Equine lungs.

A

Pyogranulomatous pneumonia

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19
Q

2 things that cause Brochonpneumonia in Equines?

A
  • Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis → EHV-1 & EHV-4
  • Equine Influenza
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20
Q

What 3 things cause Granulomatous pneumonia in Equines?

A
  • TB
  • D. arnfieldi → mules & donkeys more
  • P. equorum when migrating
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21
Q

2 things that cause Suppurative Bronchopneumonia in K9s?

A
  • K9 Distemper + B. bronchioseptica/Mycoplasma
  • K9 Influenza
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22
Q

What type of pneumonia is caused by S. zooepidemicus in K9s?

A

Fatal Hemorrhagic Pleuropneumonia

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23
Q

What type of pneumonia is seen in K9s with Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum)?

A

Granulomatous Pnuemonia

(NO PUS!!)

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24
Q

What type of pneumonia is seen in K9s w/ Coccidioiomycosis (C. immitis)?

A

Pyogranulomatic pneumonia

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25
What type of pneumonia is seen in Outdoor Hunting Dogs? Cause?
Multifocal Pyogranulomatous Pneumonia ## Footnote *Blastomycosis dermatitidis*
26
**K9 Influenza A** causes **Bacterial Bronchopneumonia** & is a mutation of what other species strain?
Equine Influenza H3N8
27
**CHV-1** causes what 2 things in **OLDER dogs**?
* URT infection→ **Bronchopneumonia** * **Necrotizing rhino-tracheitits**
28
What 3 things does **Paraquat toxicity** cause in **Dogs**?
* Acute interstitial pneumonia * Edema * Hemorrhages
29
If a **dog's lungs don't collapse** when the thorax is opened, what should be at the top of your rule out list?
Uremic pneumopathy (pneumonia) Interstitial pneumonia (hard like liver)
30
4 things that cause **Granulomatous Pneumonia** in **K9**s?
* *D. immitis →*pulmonary hypertension * *A. vasorum* * *P. kellikoti→*pleural hemorrhages, eosinophilic granulomas * *F. hirthi*→ alveoli & brochioles
31
What causes **pneumonitis** & **persistant conjunctivitis** in **Cats**?
*Chlamydophilia felis*
32
3 things that cause **Granulomatous Pneumonia is Cats**?
* **TB** * ***C. aerophilia*** →trachea & bronchi * ***D. immitis*** → pulmonary vessels
33
2 agents that cause **Suppurative bronchopneumonia in cats?**
* *P. multocida* * *B. bronchiseptica*
34
What causes **Multiple Granulomatous Pneumonia in Cats**?
*Cryptococcus neoformans*
35
What causes **Pyogranulomatous Pneumonia in Cats**?
***A. abstrustus*** → lung worm
36
2 causes **Aspiration Pneumonia in Cats**?
* Endogenous lipids → cancerous lesions * Droplets of oil aspirated into lungs → multiple yellowish, white nodules; mottled appearance
37
**Bronchopneumonia in a fetus** is likely the result of what?
**Contaminated meconium** → intrauterine hypoxia & acidosis
38
What agents can cause **Suppurative Bronchopneumonia** in the **Fetus** if the **amnoitic fluid is contaminate**d?
* ***B. abortus*** * ***A. pyogenes*** * Fungi→ sometimes * Ureaplasma → sometimes
39
What 5 agents can cause **Interstitial Pneumonia in Fetuses** through **hematogenous route**?
* **Listeria** * **Salmonella** * **Chlamydia** * **PI-3** → cattle * **EVR** → horses
40
What makes up the **Conductive Airway**s? | (5)
* Nostrils * Pharynx * Larynx * Trachea * Bronchi
41
**Pneumocyte 1 cells** are in the **membrane** of **Alveoli** & assist in what?
Gas exchange
42
**Pneumocyte 2** are **glandular** & assist in what?
repair of lung tissue makes surfactant
43
What cell type is responsible for **detoxification** in the lungs?
Clara cells
44
How are inhaled particles handled by the lungs?
1. Decompistion → stuck in mucosal surface 2. Clearance → sneezing, coughing, phagocytosis 3. Retension → if can't clear it
45
4 **defense mechanisms** against Aerogenous agents?
1. Sneeze, cough, bronchoconstriction→pharynx 2. Mucocillary effect→ bronchi 3. BALT 4. Alveolar MØs
46
Which 4 species rely on **Pulmonary INTRAVASCULAR MØs**? (live in interalveolar space)
* Rumi's * Pig * Horses * Cats
47
What 3 species rely on **Hepatic & Splenic MØs**?
* Dogs * Rodents * Humans
48
***Rhinosporidium seeberi*** causes **Granulomatous Rhinitis** in what 4 species?
* Rumis * Horses * Dogs * Cats
49
3 Possible causes of **Granulomatous Rhinitis (Nasal Granulomas)** in animals?
1. Mycotic 2. Blood flukes 3. Allergic
50
**Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis** cause be **fatal** if what happens?
concurent 2nddary bacterial pneumonia w/ ***M. hemolytica***
51
4 Lesions of **Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis**?
* Red nose * Serous → mucopurulent nasal discharge * Ulcers → pharynx, larynx & trachea * IN inclusion bodies
52
Key sign of **Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis**? (EHV-4)
Edematous swelling of pharyngeal lymph nodes
53
**Equine Influenza** (Type A Orthomyxovirus) causes what type of nasal discharge?
Serous → mucopurulent
54
Is Equine Influenza usually seen in the nasal cavity?
NO!
55
4 Lesions of **Equine Viral Arteritis** (EVA)?
* serous & mucopurulent rhinitis * palpebral edema * edema→ limbs & ventral abodmen * Hemorrhages all over
56
What distinguishes **Strangles (*S. equi*) from EVA**?
Bilateral **mucopurulent** nasal discharge right from the beginning
57
2 main causes of Transitory Rhinits in Dogs?
* Bacterial * Viral
58
What causes these things in CATS? * Ulcerative keratitis * Hepatic necrosis * Abortion/Stillbirths
Feline Virus Rhinotracheitis | (FVR)
59
What 2 things account for **80% of respiratory dz in Cats**?
* FVR → Feline Virus Rhinotracheitis * FCV → Feline Calicivirus
60
Lesions of **Feline Calicivirus (FCV)**?
* Ulcers in tongue & hard palate * Limping Kitten Syndrome → vax rxn
61
**Feline Chlamydiosis** is caused by? Lesions?
* *Chlamydophilia felis* * Mild conjuctivitis * Serous to mucopurulent discharge
62
What 3 big things make up **Feline Respiratory Dz Complex?**
* FCV * FVR * FIP→ generalized Dz more than resp.
63
What causes **Inclusion Body Rhinitis** in **YOUNG pigs** **_\<_ 10 wks?**
Porcine Cytomegalovirus | (herpes)
64
Lesions of Inclusion Body Rhinitis?
* Mucopurlent discharge w/ bacT infections * transient sneezing, conjunctivitis & lacrimations
65
**Atropic Rhinits** commonly affects what age group of Pigs? Lesions?
Pigs **\> 2 year (OLD)** Deformed snout
66
Permanent abnormal dilation of bronchi from chonic bronchial obstruction & infection?
Bronchiectasis
67
2 types of **Bronchiectasis**? Who gets?
* Saccular → cattle, dog, cat * Cylindrical → sheep, pig, goat
68
Which 2 species suffer from **Laryngeal Paralysis**? What nerve is damaged?
* Dogs & Horses * Left Recurrent Laryngeal
69
What 5 things can damage the LEFT Recurrent Laryngeal n. & lead to **"Roaring"**?
1. guttural pouch mycosis 2. retropharyngeal abscess 3. metastatic neoplasms 4. injury/inflammation in neck 5. empyema of guttural pouch
70
Lesions of **Guttural Pouch Mycosis** due to *A. fumigatus*?
* Fibronecrotic exudate→ mucosa * Pharyngeal LN HYPERplasia * Fatal bleeding → **erosion of Carotid Artery**
71
**Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dz** (COPD) in Equines is the result of?
Allergic Bronchitis
72
**Emphysema** indicates what?
partial blockage
73
**Atelectasis** indicates what?
Complete blockage
74
Pathogenesis of COPD in horses?
chronic bronchitis → obstruction of **3° bronchioles & alveoli** → emphysema or atelectasis
75
What mix causes **K9 Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)**? (2)
Virus Bacteria
76
Lesion of K9 Infectious Tracheobronchitis?
Necrosis & suppuration in trachiobronchi
77
Lesions of Laryngeal Paralysis in **Dogs**?
* Usually bilateral * Abnormal bark * Exercise intolerance * Aspiration pneumonia
78
**Feline Asthma** is what Hypersensitivity type?
Type I Allergic Bronchitis
79
How do you TX Feline Asthma?
Steroids
80
3 Lesions of **Atelectasis**?
* empty alveoli * dark red, flabby, depressed lung tissue * closed alveoli
81
4 causes of **Congential Atelectasis**?
* Muconeum * Aspirate * Amniotic fluid * Hyaline membrane dz.
82
2 causes of **Acquired Atelectasis**?
* Compressive * Obstructive
83
4 Lesions of **Alveolar Emphysema**?
* excessive air in alveoli→ enlarged * destruction of alveoli walls * raised pale or white * dry, easily compressed w/ a finger
84
2 Causes of **Alveolar Emphysema**?
1. pressure of inhaled air 2. incompletely closed bronchioles
85
Which species are prone to **Interstitial Emphysema**?
Cattle
86
What is the most common lesion of animals dying from sepsis, toxemia & pancreatitis? TQ!
Pulmonary Edema!
87
List the 4 **NON-INFLAMMATORY** causes of **Pulmonary Edema**.
* **Increased LEFT arterial pressure** * Cardiac failure * Excessive fluid TX * Pulmonary Venous occulsion
88
4 causes of **INFLAMMATORY Pulmonary Edema**?
* Corrosive gases * Infectious agents * Systemic Toxins * Anaphylaxis → horses & cows
89
Gross lesions of **Pulmonary Edema**?
* Wet, heavy lungs * Lungs don't collapse when thorax is opened * Foam & fluid in bronchi & trachea
90
What pattern is seen in **Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome**?
Diffuse, alveolar pattern
91
Pathogenesis of **Acute Respiratory Syndrome**?
* MØs →cytokines * Neutrophils → free radicals * Permeability edema
92
CS of **Acute Respiratory Dz**?
sudden onset of severe dyspnea
93
4 main causes of **Pulmonary HYPERtension**? (**RIGHT** ventricle)
* **Vasoconstriction of pulmonary arterioles** * **Vascular obstruction** * **Vascular volume overload** * **2nddary** * LEFT sided HF * Septal defect * L→ R shunt * Lung Dz.
94
What is the most common form of Pneumonia?
Bronchopneumonia
95
Lesions of Bronchopneumonia are located where?
* Bronchioles * Alveoli
96
4 stages of **Bronchopneumonia**?
1. Congestion → inflammatory, alveoli filled w/ exudate 2. Red Hepatization→ hard lungs, dilated blood vessels 3. Grey Hepatization→ congestions disappears, hard, grey alveoli 4. Resolution
97
What section of the lung is **Bronchopneumonia** located?
Cranio-ventral
98
3 main causes of **Bronchopneumonia**?
* Bacteria * Mycoplasma * Aspiration
99
What happens in **localized aspiration**?
* discrete FB granulomas * Lobar pneumonia or gangrene * Edema developement VERY DANGEROUS
100
What type of pattern does **Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus** induce? TQ
Cranio-ventral pattern of **Brochointerstital** pneumonia
101
**Bronchopneumonia** due to ***Actinobacillus*** is located where? TQ
Middle & caudal lobes affected | (exception)
102
What **pattern** of **Bronchopneumonia** do **Dog & Cat'**s get? TQ
Cranio-ventral w/ patchy areas
103
What **pattern** is seen in **Suppurative Bronchopneumonia**?
* Lobular pattern * Mosaic pattern w/ red & gray
104
Characteristics of **Fibronous (Lobar) Bronchopneumonia**
* more fibronous exudate * hemorrhages * marbled appearance → more severe inflammatory response * Involves part or complete lobe
105
Sequelae of **Fibronous (Lobar) Bronchopneumonia**. 3
* Rarely resolves * Death→ pleuritis & pericarditis * Necrosis
106
2 main causes of **Interstitial Pneumonia**? Leading to?
* aerogenous injury to alveolar capillaries * hematogenous injury to alveolar capillaries * inflammatory process →alveolar walls & interstitium
107
Big hematogenous injury → alveolar capillaries → Interstitial Pneumonia! Give examples!
* Allergy →Type 3 * Moldy potatoes * Kerosene * Paraquat poisoning
108
What cell types are affected in **Acute Interstitial Pneumonia**? 2
* Type 1 pneumocytes * Alveolar capillaries
109
4 Lesions of **Acute Interstitial Pneumonia**?
* **Type 1 → Exudative phage** →inflammatory edema & neutrophils * **Type 2 → proliferative phage** →hyperplasia of pneumocyte 2 cells * meaty, rubbery appearance to lungs * Severe form→ death
110
4 Lesions of **Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia**?
* Mononulclear inflammatory cells * Hyperplasia of smooth mm. in airways or pulmonary vasculature * **Hyperplastic Type 2 pneumocytes** * Whole lung, dorso-caudal region
111
6 Classic Features of **Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia**?
* failure of lungs to collapse * rib impressions * meaty appearance * no visible exudate * Heavy, elastic/rubbery texture * Diffuse pattern w/ red & pale, gray
112
Sequelae of **Chronic Interstital Pneumonia** 3
* Recovery * Death by pulmonary edema --\> cattle * Healing by fibrosis
113
Lesions of **Emoblic Pneumonia** (lung abscesses) due to **Bronchopneumonia**
* Cranio-ventral * LARGE * Isolated
114
Characteristics of **Metastatic Lung abscesses** due to **Septic Emboli**?
* SMALL abscesses * Multiple * Widely distributed in the whole lung
115
4 Sources of **Septic Emboli**? ## Footnote **TQ**
* Hepatic → cattle * Jugular catheter * Valvular endocarditis * Localized infections→ foot rot
116
Causes of **Infectious Granulomatous Pneumonia**? (4)
* Bacteria * Fungi * Parasites * Viruses
117
Lesions of **Granulomatous Pneumonia**?
* single or multiple * soft,creamy yellow caseous exudate * Encapsulated granulomas are hard & gritty
118
Pathogeneis of **Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema**?
lush grass → **L-tryptophane converted to 3-methylindol** → pneomotoxic → edema & blood
119
**Primary Tumors** arise from what 2 areas?
* Bronchiolar * Bronchioalveolar
120
What 3 things accompany **K9 Paraneoplastic Syndromes**?
* HYPERcalcemia * Endocrinopathies * Osteoarthropathy
121
All Secondary Neoplasms are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
MALIGNANT | (2° neoplasms are more common)
122
**Secondary Neoplasms common to multiple species**?
* Hemangiosarcoma * Fibrosarcoma * Osteosarcoma
123
What species get **Pulmonary Adematosis**? Cell types are affected?
* Sheep & goats * Pneumocyte II & Clara cells
124
Cause of **Pulmonary adenomatosis** in **Sheep & Goats**?
Type B & D Retrovirus
125
3 things that cause a **Hydrothorax**?
* Edema * Neoplasia
126
2 things that cause Pleuritis?
* Infection * Trauma
127
3 causes of **Pyogranulomatous Pleuritis**?
* *Nocardia* * *Actinomyces* * FIP
128
Cause of **Tuberculosis Pleuritits**?
Pearl Dz.
129
Does Pleural mesothelioma metastasize?
RARELY!
130
What 3 things can Alveolar MØs NOT kill!
Listeria Mycobacterium Rhodococcus

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