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Pathology II Master > Exocrine Pancreas (LS) > Flashcards

Exocrine Pancreas (LS) Flashcards

1
Q

3 Causes of Exocrine Pancreas Atropy

A
  • starvation
  • cachexia
  • chronic destruction
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2
Q

Lesions of Exocrine Pancreas Atropy

A
  • lack of zymogen granules
  • fibrosis - if destructive
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3
Q

A syndrome characterized by atrophy of the exocrine pancreas.

Common in: young GSD & Rough-coated collies

A

Juvenile Pancreatic Atrophy in the Dog

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4
Q

C.S. of Juvenile Pancreatic Atrophy in the Dog

A
  • Steatorrhea
  • emaciation
  • voracious appetite
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5
Q

Lesions of Juvenile Pancreatic Atrophy in the Dog

A
  • potbellied
  • greatly dilated intestines
  • steatorrhea
  • pancreatic atrophy
  • pancreatic ducts are recognizable to the naked eye
  • rapid weight loss despite voracious appetite
  • Maldigestion
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6
Q

What form of hyperplasia is especially common in older dogs & cats?

(can be seen in cows)

A

Pancreatic Nodular Hyperplasia

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7
Q

Gross Lesions of Pancreatic Nodular Hyperplasia

A
  • multiple, smooth, raised, pale nodules
  • uniform gray/white on cut surface
  • project as flat elevations
  • palpably hard nodules
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8
Q

Acute Pancreatic Necrosis occurs most often in? Rarely in?

A
  • old, obese female dogs - common
  • horses & swine - rare
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9
Q

Causes of Acute Pancreatic Necrosis?

(4)

A
  • Nutritional (high fat, low protein)
  • bile reflux
  • toxic injury
  • Se deficiency → chickens
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10
Q

Pathogenesis of Pancreatitis?

(3)

A
  • obstruction of ducts
  • direct injury to acinar cells
  • disturbances in intracellular transport of pacreatic enzymes
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11
Q

Clinical presenation of Acute Pancreatic Necrosis?

A
  • mainly in obese F dogs
  • severe abdominal pain
  • CVS collapse
  • Death → 2-3 d.
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12
Q

DX of Acute Pancreatic Necrosis?

A
  • elevated serum lipase & amylase
  • elecated lipase & amylase in abdom. fluid
  • possible fat droplets in the abdom. fluid
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13
Q

Describe what happens in Acute Pancreatic Necrosis?

A

release of activated enzymes into pancreatic parenchyma→ digests→ pancreas→ release of inflammatory mediators & further amplificaiton of process

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14
Q

CS of Chronic Pancreatic Necrosis

A
  • DM
  • Steatorrhea
  • Cachexia
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15
Q

Etiology of Pancreatitis

(5)

A
  • Toxic
  • Idiopathic
  • Pancreatic necrosis & pancreatitis
  • Viruses
  • Ascending infections from GIT
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16
Q

What is the most common cause of pancreatitis in dogs & cats?

A

Idiopathic

(spontaneous)

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17
Q

List the viruses that cause focal pancreatitis.

A
  • K9- adeno, distemper & parvovirus
  • Ruminants - FMD
18
Q

Predispositions to Pancreatitis in all animals?

A
  • direct extension from a neighboring infection
  • generalized granulomatous infections
19
Q

Predisposistions to Pancreatitis in Dogs?

A
  • obese, sedentary bitches
  • trauma
20
Q

Predispositions to Pancreatitis in Cats?

A
  • Systemic toxoplasmosis
  • trauma
21
Q

Pathogenesis of Pancreatitis in Horses?

A

strongyle larval migration → necrosis & inflammation →release of pancreatic enzymes → enzymatic digestion of pancreas & surrounding tissues

22
Q

How does obstruction of the duct(s) lead to pancreatitis?

A

calculi or parasites → interstitial edema → vascular compression → ischemic damage to acinar cells

23
Q

What toxins can cause direct injury to acinar cells & lead to pancreatitis?

A
  • Cassia occidentalis
  • T-2 toxin (trichothecene mycotocxin) → pigs
  • Zinc toxicosis → dogs, veal calves, sheep
24
Q

What therapeutic drugs cause direct damage to acinar cells & leads to pancreatitis?

A
  • Sulfonamides
  • Potassium bromide + phenobarb combo → dogs
25
Q

3 C.S. of Acute Pancreatitis?

A
  • anorexia
  • vomiting
  • abdominal pain
26
Q

Which 2 pancreatic enzymes get activated & cause Acute Pancreatitis?

A

phospholipase A

Elastase

27
Q

Lesions seen in Acute Pancreatitis in Dogs?

A

red areas of hemorrhage w/ white plagues of fat necrosis in the pancreas

28
Q

Lesion seen in Mild Pancreatitis?

A

edema of interstitial tissue of the pancreas

29
Q

Lesions seen in Acute, Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis?

A

Pancreas is/has:

  • edematous
  • gray-white areas of coagulative necrosis
  • other dark red or blue-black hemorrhagic areas
30
Q

Sequelae of Acute Pancreatitis?

A
  • Systemic: release of inflammatory mediators, widespread vascular injury → hemorrhage, shock & DIC
  • Liver: Increased conc. of serum hepatic enzymes & focal necrosis
  • Death
31
Q

What accompanies Chronic Pancreatitis?

(2)

A
  • Fibrosis
  • parenchymal atropy
32
Q

Chronic Pancreatitis can occur in all species, but is most important clinically in the ____.

A

DOG!!!

33
Q

Pathogenesis of Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  • repeated, mild episodes of acute pancreatitis → progressive loss of glandular tissue w/o replacement
  • Excessive amt damaged → exocrine pancreatic insufficieny + DM (endocrine insufficiency)
34
Q

Gross Lesions of Chronic Pancreatitis

A
  • distorted & shrunken pancreas
  • nodular mass w/ fibrous adhesions to adjacent tissue
35
Q

What is a common occurence in cats w/ Chronic Pancreatitis?

A

cysts

36
Q

What causes pancreatic lesions are seen in Sheep?

A

Zinc toxicosis → fibrosis

37
Q

What lesions are associated with Chronic Pancreatitis in Horses?

A
  • following parastic migration
  • from ascending bacT infections of pancreatic ducts
  • in association w/ chronic eosinophilic gastroenteritis
38
Q

Is Chronic Pancreatitis clincially apparent in horses?

A

NO!!

(signs of EPI rarely occur in horses)

39
Q

Pancreatic carcinoma is uncommon in all species, but most often reported in which 2?

A

Dogs & Cats

40
Q

3 Lesions of Pancreatic Carcinoma?

A
  • firm gray, yellow nodules w/ areas of hemmorhage
  • adhesion
  • metastasis is common → lymph nodes, liver & duodenum (can go distant)
41
Q

When are Pancreatic calculi seen?

A

incidental finding in slaughtered cattle > 4 years.

Pathology II Master (15 decks)

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