Respiratory Path

Question 1

Typical cause of acute epiglottitis?

Answer 1

H. influenzae

Question 2

Cause of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma?

Answer 2

Epstein-Barr virus

most common in Southeast Asia & East Africa

Question 3

Most frequently occurring malignant nasal tumor?

Answer 3

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 4

Most common malignant tumor of the larynx? Associations?

Answer 4

Squamous cell carcinoma

• men, >40 yrs.
• ass’d w/ smoking & alcoholism

(NOT ass’d w/ HPV… this is ass’d w/ SCC of the oropharynx)

Question 5

SCC of the larynx - initial presentation?

Answer 5

Voice hoarseness

Question 6

FEV1 : FVC ratio in COPD & restrictive lung diseases?

Answer 6

COPD = decreased

Restrictive = normal

Question 7

Morphologic manifestations of Bronchial Asthma?

Answer 7

• Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy
• Hyperplasia of Goblet Cells
• Thickening & hyalinization of BM
• Proliferation of eosinophils
• Intrabronchial mucous plugs containing whorl-like accumulations of epithelial cells (Curschmann spirals) & crystalloids of eosinophil-derived proteins (Charcot-Leyden crystals)

Question 8

4 ass’d complications w/ NRDS?

Answer 8

• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• PDA
• Intraventricular brain hemorrhage
• Necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 9

Pneumoconiosis ass’d w/ ↑ susceptibility to TB?

Answer 9

Silicosis

Question 10

Dx?
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis in the lower lobes of the lungs characterized by yellow-brown rod-shaped bodies w/ clubbed ends that stains positively w/ Prussian blue.

Answer 10

Asbestosis

Ferruginous bodies that arise from iron & protein coating on fibers are what’s described on histology

Question 11

Most common cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 11

COPD

Question 12

Plexiform lesions on microscopy are characteristics of what pathology?

Answer 12

Primary Pulmonary Hypertension

Inactivating mutation of BMPR2 gene

Question 13

Most common cause of lobar pneumonia?

Answer 13

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)

• predominantly intra-alveolar exudate

Question 14

Most commonl cause of interstitial (primary atypical) pneumonia?

Answer 14

Mycoplasma pneumonia

• may be associated w/ epidemics
• inflammatory rxn confined to interstitium
• NO exudate in alveolar spaces
• intra-alveolar hyaline membranes
• associated w/ nonspecific cold agglutinins reactive to red cells (Dx info)
• diffuse, patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas of alveolar walls

Question 15

Pneumonia associated w/ nonspecific cold agglutinins reactive to red cells?

Answer 15

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 16

Most common cause of pneumonia in childhood?

Answer 16

Viruses

• Influenza viruses
• Adenovirus
• Rhinovirus
• RSV

also after childhood exanthema, such as rubeola (measles) or varicella (chickenpox)

Question 17

What produces a giant cell pneumonia, often complicated by tracheobronchitis?

Answer 17

Measles virus (rubeola)

Question 18

Frequent bacterial causes of lung abscess? (4)

Answer 18

Staphylocuccus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, or Proteus

Question 19

A lung abscess is a localized area of suppuration usually resulting from what?

Answer 19

Bronchial obstruction (often by cancer) or from aspiration of gastric contents.
May also be a complication of bacterial pneumonia.

Question 20

Leading cause of death from cancer in men? Women?

Answer 20

Both: Lung carcinoma

Question 21

Most likely lung cancers in smokers? Non-smokers?

Answer 21

Smokers = Squamous & small cell carcinomas

Non-smokers = Adenocarcinomas