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AA_USMLE_First Aid & Qbank > Neuropath > Flashcards

Neuropath Flashcards

1
Q

Cystic degeneration of spinal cord due to trauma or in association w/ Chiari malformation

A

Syringomyelia (usually @ C8-T1)

  • Sensory loss of pain & temp
  • Sparing of fine touch & position sense in UE
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2
Q

Syringomyelia usually presents w/ loss of pain & temp in UE due to anterior commissure. If it expands, what else may it typically include?

A

Anterior horn causing LMN Sx

Lateral horn (hypothalamal spinal tract) causing Horner’s syndrome

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3
Q

Damage to anterior horn due to infection

A

Poliomyelitis

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4
Q

Degenerative disorder w/ UMN & LMN Sx

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (involves anterior horn & lateral corticospinal tract)

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5
Q

How to differentiate ALS vs. Syringomyelia?

A

ALS doesn’t include any sensory impairment

loss of P & T sensation in Syringomyelia

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6
Q

Degenerative disorder of Cerebellum & SC tracts

A

Friedreich Ataxia

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7
Q

Ataxia w/ loss of vibratory sense & proprioception, muscle weakness in lower extremities, & loss of DTR

A

Friedreich Ataxia

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8
Q

Friedreich Ataxia genetic involvement?

A
  • AR
  • GAA trinucleotide repeat in Frataxin gene

(Frataxin gene is essential for mitochondrial iron regulation – thus dysregulation causes free radical damage to neurons)

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9
Q

Top 3 causes of meningitis in newborns (0-6 months)?

A

Group B streptococci
E. coli
Listeria

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10
Q

Top 4 causes of meningitis in children 6 months - 6 yrs?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Enteroviruses

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11
Q

Top 4 causes of meningitis ages 6-60 yrs?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis (#1 cause in teens)
Enteroviruses
HSV

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12
Q

1 cause of meningitis in teens?

A

N. meningitidis

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13
Q

Top 3 causes of meningitis ages 60+

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram-negative rods
Listeria

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14
Q

Dx?

Urinary incontinence, ataxia, & cognitive dysfunction

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

(↑ in subarachnoid space volume but no increase in CSF pressure. Expansion of ventricles distorts fibers of the corona radiata & leads to clinical triad described)

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15
Q

Spinal cord lesion that could be caused by defect in superoxide dismutase 1?

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(combined UMN & LMN deficits w/ no sensory, cognitive, or oculomotor deficits. Commonly presents w/ fasciculations w/ eventual atrophy; progressive & fatal)

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16
Q

Achilles reflex nerve root?

A

S1 (,2)

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17
Q

Patella reflex nerve root?

18
Q

Biceps reflex nerve root?

19
Q

Triceps reflex nerve root?

20
Q

CNs that lie medially @ brainstem?

A

CN 3, 6, & 12

21
Q

Dx? Paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze

A

Parinaud Syndrome

superior colliculi lesion

22
Q

What goes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

23
Q

What goes through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A

CN 3, 4, V1, 6, Ophthalmic vein, & Sympathetic fibers

24
Q

Dx?

Ophthalmoplegia & ↓ corneal & maxillary sensation w/ normal vision.

A

Cavernous Sinus Syndrome

due to mass effect, fistula, thrombosis

25
Q

What structures pass through the Cavernous Sinus?

A

CNs 3, 4, V1, V2, 6, postgangionlic sympathetic fibers en route to orbit, & Cavernous portion of Internal Carotid Artery
(CS is lined by Dura)

26
Q

Dx?

Eye moves upward, particularly w/ contralateral gaze & ipsilateral head tilt (problems going downstairs)

A

CN 4 damage

27
Q

Stroke localization?

Left upper quadrantic anopia

A

MCA - Right Temporal lesion

28
Q

Stroke localization?

Left lower quadrantic anopia

A

MCA - Right Parietal lesion

29
Q

Dx?

Frontal lobe tumor w/ chicken-wire capillary pattern & “fried egg” cells

A

Oligodendroglioma

“prominent nuclear halos”

30
Q

Dx?

Primary brain tumor located in the 4th ventricle, causing hydrocephalus

A

Ependymoma

31
Q

Dx?

Primary brain tumor w/ characteristic perivascular pseudorosettes & basal ciliary bodies found near nucleus

A

Ependymoma

32
Q

Herniation that can compress ACA?

A

Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri

33
Q

What is “anisiocoria”?

A

Asymmetry of the pupils

34
Q

How to test CN 11 in PE?

A
  1. Shrug shoulders
  2. Turn head left & right
    (both against resistance)
35
Q

How to test CN 12 in PE?

A

Stick out tongue (should be straight)

36
Q

How to test CN 9 in PE?

A

Open mouth & look for Uvula deviation to opposite side of lesion

37
Q

Is “Pronator Drift” UMN or LMN sign?

38
Q

What can cause Uvula deviation to one side?

A
  1. CN 9 lesion

2. Peritonsillar abscess

39
Q

What number grade is normal strength?

40
Q

What number grade is normal reflex?

AA_USMLE_First Aid & Qbank (22 decks)

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