Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AA_USMLE_First Aid & Qbank > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sx of giardiasis

A

Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This protozoa is often seen in campers/hikers and results in bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling diarrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Giardia lamblia is transmitted how? And can be dx by?

A

Cysts in water, trophozoites or cysts in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The treatment for giardiasis is

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This protozoa causes vaginitis that is characterized by foul-smell, greenish discharge, itching and burning

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

Sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is dx how?

A

Trophozoites (motile) on wet mound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The treatment for trichomonas vaginitis is

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chagas disease is cased by what organism

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three sx characteristic of Chagas, and what part of the world do you find this disease

A

dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus; South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment for Chagas disease

A

Nifurtimox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The reduviid bug (kissing bug”) is responsible for the transmission of this organism”

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi infection can be dx by

A

Blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

African sleeping sickness can be caused by what two organisms?

A

Trypanosoma gambiense, Trypanosoma rhodesiense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the sx of African sleeping sickness?

A

Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigenic variation), somnolence, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The tsetse fly is responsible for transmission of what organism?

A

Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The treatment for blood borne African sleeping sickness is..?

A

Suramin

SURe is nice to go to sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The treatment for African sleeping sickness that has penetrated the CNS is

A

Melarsoprol - MELAtonin helps with sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Trypanosoma gambiense and Trpanosoma rhodesiense can be diagnosed by

A

Blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Leishmania donovani cause what disease

A

Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the sx of visceral leishmaniasis

A

spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The sandfly transmits what organism?

A

Leishmania donovani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Leishmania donovani is transmitted by what organism?

A

Sandfly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you diagnose infection by Leishmania donovani?

A

Macrophages containing amastigotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the treatment for visceral leishmaniasis

A

Sodium stibogluconate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name the four types of malaria

A

Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the common sx of malaria

A

Cyclic fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What types of Plasmodium have dormant forms in liver (hypnozoites) and causes relapsing malaria?

A

P. vivax and P. ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What Plasmodium cases severe malaria that can affect CNS

A

P. falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the treatment for malaria?

A

Chloroquine (primaquine to prevent relapse caused by P. vivax, P. ovale), sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine, mefloquine, quinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the symptoms of Babesiosis

A

fever and hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How is Babesia transmitted?

A

Ixodes tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a protozoa that is transmitted by the Ixodes tick

A

Babesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a Maltese cross

A

A classic sign of Babesiosis: a RBC has no RBC pigment and a cross shape can be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What RBC forms are seen in babesiosis

A

Maltese cross and ring forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the treatments for babesiosis

A

Quinine, clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cryptosporidium causes what condition

A

Mild disease (watery diarrhea) in non-immunocompromised. Severe diarrhea in AIDS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How is Cryptosporidium transmitted? diagnosed?

A

Cysts in water, cysts on acid-fast stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

There is no treatment for Cryptosporidium: true or false

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What protozoa causes brain abscess in HIV and birth defects?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How is Toxoplasma gondii transmitted?

A

Cysts in meat or cat feces; crosses placenta (pregnant women should avoid cats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Why should pregnant women avoid cats?

A

Risk of Toxoplasma gondii transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How is Toxoplasma gondii infection diagnosed?

A

Serology, biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How is Toxoplasma gondii infection treated?

A

Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What organism can cause bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, and RUQ pain?

A

Entamoeba histolytica; Amebiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How is Amebiasis transmitted

A

Cysts in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How is amebiasis dx?

A

Serology and/or trophozoites or cysts in stool; RBCs in cytoplasm of entmoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica infection

A

Metronidazole and iodoquinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Naegleria fowleri is responsible for what disease

A

Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis is caused by what protozoa?

A

Naegleria fowleri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How is Naegleria fowleri transmitted?

A

Swimming in freshwater lakes (enter via cribriform plates)

52
Q

How is Naegleria fowleri diagnosed?

A

Amoebas in spinal fluid

53
Q

What organism causes anal pruritus and can be detected using the Scotch tape test? Is it a nematode or a cestode?

A

Enterobius vermicularis; nematode

54
Q

How is Enterobius vermicularis transmitted?

A

Food contaminated with eggs leading to intestinal infection, causes anal pruritus

55
Q

What is the treatment for Enterobius vermicularis

A

Mebendazole (MBZ) and pyrantel pamoate

56
Q

What organism is the giant roundworm?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

57
Q

What organism is also known as a pinworm?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

58
Q

What is the treatment for infection by Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Mebendazole (MBZ) and pyrantel pamoate

59
Q

How is Trichinella spiralis transmitted?

A

Undercooked meat, usually pork

60
Q

What disease does Trichinella spiralis cause?

A

Inflammation of muscle (larvae encyst in muscle), periorbital edema

61
Q

What is the treatment for Trichinella spiralis

A

Thiabendazole

62
Q

What type of helminth is Trichinella spiralis?

A

Nematode

63
Q

What type of helminth is Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Nematode

64
Q

What helminth has larvae in soil that penetrates the skin, leading to intestinal infection that causes vomiting, diarrhea, and anemia?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

65
Q

What is the treatment for infection by Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Ivermectin/thiabendazole

66
Q

What two organisms are known as hookworms?

A

Ancyclostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

67
Q

How do hookworms transmit and what disease do they cause?

A

Larvae penetrate skin of feet; intestinal infection can cause anemia (sucks bblood from intestinal wall)

68
Q

What is the treatment for Ancyclostoma duodenale infection?

A

Mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate

69
Q

What is the treatment for Necator americanus infection?

A

Mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate

70
Q

How is Dracunculus medinensis transmitted?

A

In drinking water

71
Q

What type of disease does Dracunculus medinensis cause?

A

Skin inflammation and ulceration

72
Q

What is the treatment for Dracunculus medinensis infection?

A

Niridazole

73
Q

What organism is transmitted by female blackflies?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

74
Q

What organism causes river blindness with skin nodules and lizard skin”?”

A

Onchocerca volvulus

75
Q

What disease does Onchocerca volvulus cause?

A

River blindness with skin nodules and lizard skin””

76
Q

What is the treatment for Onchocerca volvulus infection?

A

Ivermectin

77
Q

What type of helminth is Onchocerca volvulus?

A

Nematode

78
Q

What helminth can cause an allergic reaction to its microfilaria?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

79
Q

What are the vectors for loa loa?

A

Deer fly, horse fly, and mango fly

80
Q

What occurs with loa loa infection?

A

Swelling in skin and worm can be seen crawling in the conjunctiva

81
Q

What is the treatment for Loa loa infection?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

82
Q

What helminth is carried by the female mosquito and causes elephantitis?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

83
Q

What type of helminth is Loa loa

A

Nematode

84
Q

What type of helminth is Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Nematode

85
Q

How long after the initial bite does it take to get elephantitis symptoms

A

9 months to year after bite from Wucheria bnacrofti

86
Q

What is the treatment for wucheria bancrofti infection?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

87
Q

How is Toxocara canis transmitted?

A

Food contaminated with eggs.

88
Q

What organism causes granulomas (if they are in retina –> blindness) and visceral larva migrans

A

Toxocara canis

89
Q

What is the treatment for Toxocara canis infection?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

90
Q

How is Taenia solium transmitted?

A

Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork leading to intestinal tapeworms.

91
Q

What kind of helminth is Taenia solium

A

Cestode

92
Q

Ingestion of Taenia solium eggs leads to what?

A

Cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis

93
Q

What is the treatment for Taenia solium intestinal worms and cysticercosis?

A

Praziquantel

94
Q

What is the treatment for Taenia solium neurocysticercosis?

A

Albendazole

95
Q

How is Diphyllobothrium latum transmitted?

A

Ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish

96
Q

What cestode causes vitamin B12 deficiency, resulting in anemia

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm)

97
Q

How is Echinococcus granulosus transmitted?

A

Ingestion of eggs in dog feces

98
Q

What organism can cause cysts in liver and cause anaphylaxis if antigens of the organism are released from the cysts?

A

Echinococcus

99
Q

What is the treatment for Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Albendazole

100
Q

What type of helminth is Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Cestode

101
Q

What kind of disease can Echinococcus granulosus cause?

A

Cysts in liver; Anaphylaxis if echinococcal antigens are released from cysts

102
Q

What type of helminth is Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Cestode

103
Q

What are the hosts for Schistosoma

A

Snails

104
Q

What stage of Schistosoma penetrate skin of humans?

A

Cercariae

105
Q

Chronic infection with this organism can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.

A

Schistosoma haematobium

106
Q

What helminth has cercariae penetrate skin of humans and then goes on to cause granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation of the spleen and liver?

A

Schistosoma

107
Q

What is the treatment for Schistosoma infection?

A

Praziquantel

108
Q

What kind of helminth is Schistosoma?

A

Trematode (fluke)

109
Q

How is Clonorchis sinensis transmitted?

A

By uncooked fish

110
Q

What disease does clonorchis sinensis cause?

A

Inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones. It is also associated with cholangiocarcinoma

111
Q

What is the treatment for clonorchis sinensis infection?

A

Praziquantel

112
Q

What organism is transmitted by uncooked fish and causes inflammation of the biliary tract?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

113
Q

What organism is transmitted through undercooked crab meat?

A

Paragonimus westermani

114
Q

What helminth causes inflammation and secondary bacterial infection of the lung and is transmitted through undercooked crab meat?

A

Paragonimus westermani

115
Q

What is the treatment for Paragonimus westermani infection?

A

Praziquantel

116
Q

What kind of disease does Paragonimus westermani infection cause?

A

Inflammation and secondary infection of the lung

117
Q

What three nematodes are ingested?

A

(EAT) Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella

118
Q

What three nematodes are infect cutaneously?

A

(SANd) Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator

119
Q

What parasite causes brain cysts, and seizures?

A

Taenia solium (cysticercosis)

120
Q

What parasite cauess liver cysts?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

121
Q

What parasite causes B12 deficiency?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

122
Q

What parasite causes biliary tract disease?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

123
Q

What parasite causes hemoptysis?

A

Paragonimus westermani

124
Q

What parasite causes portal hypertension?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

125
Q

What parasite causes hematuria and bladder cancer?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

126
Q

What parasite causes microcytic anemia?

A

Ancylostoma, Necator

127
Q

What parasite causes perianal pruritus?

A

Enterobius

AA_USMLE_First Aid & Qbank (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions