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AA_USMLE_First Aid & Qbank > Branchial Derivs & embryo > Flashcards

Branchial Derivs & embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Which Branchial pouch?

Ear

A

1st pouch

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2
Q

Which Branchial pouch?

Tonsils

A

2nd pouch

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3
Q

Which Branchial pouch?

Inferior parathyroids

A

3rd - Dorsal pouch

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4
Q

Which Branchial pouch?

Thymus

A

3rd - Ventral pouch

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5
Q

Which Branchial pouch?

Superior parathyroids

A

4th pouch

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6
Q

Which Branchial arch?

  • CN V2 & V3
  • “Chewing” bones & muscles
A

1st arch
(neural crest fails to migrate –> mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities)

“Chew”

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7
Q

Which Branchial arch?

  • CN 7 & Muscles of facial expression
  • Stapes, Styloid, Stylohyoid
A

2nd arch

“Smile”

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8
Q

Which Branchial arch?

  • CN 9
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Cartilage: Greater Horn of Hyoid
A

3rd arch
(persistence of cleft & pouch –> fistula between tonsillar area, cleft in lateral neck)

(styloPHARYNGEOUS innervated by glossoPHARYNGEAL nerve)

“Swallow STYLishly”

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9
Q

Which Branchial arch?

  • CN X, Superior Laryngeal branch
  • Levator veli palatini, pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid
A

4th arch

“simply swallow”

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10
Q

Which Branchial arch?

  • CN X, Recurrent Laryngeal branch
  • intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid
A

6th arch

“speak”
Think - Elisa’s Dad w/ #6

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11
Q

Which Branchial Cleft?

External Auditory Meatus

A

1st Cleft

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12
Q 
Which Branchial Cleft?
Cervical sinuses (which are obliterated eventually)
A

Clefts 2-4

obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme
Persistent Cervical Sinus = Branchial cleft cyst w/in lateral neck

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13
Q

Branchial clefts – which embryologic tissue?

A

Ectoderm

CAP from outside to inside

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14
Q

Branchial arches – which embryologic tissue?

A

Mesoderm - Muscles & Arteries
&
Neural Crest - Bones & Cartilage

(CAP from outside to inside)

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15
Q

Branchial pouches – which embryologic tissue?

A

Endoderm

CAP from outside to inside

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16
Q

Which Aortic Arch?

Maxillary Artery

A

1st arch

17
Q

Which Aortic Arch?

Stapedial arter & Hyoidal artery

A

2nd arch

“Second = Stapedial”

18
Q

Which Aortic Arch?

Common Carotid & proximal part of Internal Carotid

A

3rd arch

19
Q

Which Aortic Arch?

Aortic arch on left & proximal right Subclavian artery on right

A

4th arch

“4th arch = 4 limbs = Systemic”

20
Q

Which Aortic Arch?

Proximal part of Pulmonary arteries & (on left only) Ductus Arteriosus

A

6th arch

pulmonary & pulmonary-to-systemic shunt

21
Q

When does obliteration of Vitelline duct occur?

A 
7th week
(failure = Vitelline fistula or Meckel's Diverticulum)
22
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum – embryological cause?

A

Failure of Vitelline duct to close

23
Q

Umbilical arteries & veins are derived from what embryological structure?

A

Allantois

24
Q

Gene for segmental organization of embryo (limbs in right places)

A

Homeobox (Hox)

25
Q

Gene where mutation causes holoprosencephaly (forebrain fails to develop)?

A

Sonic hedgehog gene

patterning along A-P axis

26
Q

Gene necessary for D-V axis development?

A

Wnt-7

27
Q

Gene stimulating for lengthening of limbs?

A

FGF gene

28
Q

Dx?

Anterior midline neck mass that moves w/ swallowing

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst
- Normally disappears & becomes foramen cecum

(Vs. persistent cervical sinus leading to branchial cleft cyst in lateral neck)

29
Q

Cause of D-transposition of Great Vessels?

A

Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

30
Q

4 Sx of Tetralogy of Fallot?

A
  1. Pulmonary infundibular stenosis (most determinant for prognosis)
  2. RVH
  3. Overriding aorta (overrides the VSD)
  4. VSD
31
Q

Congenital rubella is ass’d w/ what cardiac defects?

A
  • Septal defects
  • PDA
  • Pulmonary artery stenosis
32
Q

Infant of diabetic mother is ass’d w/ what cardiac defect?

A

Transposition of Great Vessels

AA_USMLE_First Aid & Qbank (22 decks)

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