respiratory drugs

Question 1

defense mechanisms of the resp. system

Answer 1

turbinates, hiar, coughing, sneezing, spasms, mucus secretions, cilia, IgA

Question 2

3 principles of resp. therapy

Answer 2

control secretions, control reflexes, maintain airflow to alveoli

Question 3

how do we control secretions

Answer 3

• production, + elimination, remove cause of secretion (antibiotics, antifungal, antiparasitic), make secretions less viscid

Question 4

how do we control reflexes

Answer 4

suppress cough, control sneezing, control bronchospasms

Question 5

maintaining flow of alveoli

Answer 5

reverse bronchoconstriction, remove edema mucus, provide O2 therapy

Question 6

another name for aerosolization

Answer 6

nebulization

Question 7

what is aerosolization

Answer 7

allows delivery of drugs at high concentrations directly to airways with minimal blood level

Question 8

what factors affect distribution of drug

Answer 8

size of inhaled particles, must be 1-5 microns, presence of mucus or exudate, bronchodilator

Question 9

8 categories of resp drugs

Answer 9

expectorants, mucolytics, bronchodilators, decongestants, antihistamines, corticosteroids, misc.

Question 10

expectorant

Answer 10

drugs that liquify and dilute viscous secretions (used for productive coughs)

Question 11

example of expectorant

Answer 11

guaifenesin

Question 12

adverse effects of expectorant

Answer 12

few, nausea and drowsiness

Question 13

mucolytic

Answer 13

drugs that breaks down chemical structure of mucous viscosity

Question 14

example of mucolytic

Answer 14

acetylcysteine (nebulized) oral or iv used for acetaminophen toxicity

Question 15

adverse effects of mucolytic

Answer 15

nausea

Question 16

antitussive

Answer 16

drug that suppresses cough

Question 17

how does antitussive work

Answer 17

only used for non-productive cough, can be central or peripheral

Question 18

central acting antitussive

Answer 18

suppresses cough center of the brain

Question 19

peripheral-acting antitussive

Answer 19

cough drops, depress cough receptors in airways

Question 20

example of antitussives

Answer 20

butorph, codeine, dextromethorphan, temaril-P, hydrocodone bitartrate

Question 21

butorphanol

Answer 21

opioid CIV, analgesia

Question 22

side effects of butorphanol

Answer 22

sedation, ataxia

Question 23

hydrocodone bitartrate

Answer 23

opioid CII

Question 24

side effects of bitartrate

Answer 24

sedation, constipation, GI upset

Question 25

codeine

Answer 25

opioid CV

Question 26

side effects of codeine

Answer 26

sedation, constipation

Question 27

dextromethorphan

Answer 27

non-narcotic, similar to codeine, no analgesia or addictive prop.

Question 28

side effects of dextro

Answer 28

drowsiness and GI upset

Question 29

temaril-P

Answer 29

antitussive, corticosteroid

Question 30

side effects of temaril-P

Answer 30

sedation, depression, hypotension, minor CNS signs

Question 31

effect of PNS in respiratory

Answer 31

bronchoconstriction, + secretions

Question 32

effect of SNS in respiratory

Answer 32

bronchodilation, - secretions

Question 33

bronchoconstriction mechanisms

Answer 33

release of ACh in PNS reducing airflow, histamine response, or beta-2 blocker

Question 34

cholinergic blockers

Answer 34

bind to ACh receptors and block effects

Question 35

example of cholinergic blockers

Answer 35

atropine (preanesthetic), aminopentamide, glycopyrrolate

Question 36

beta-2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 36

beta-2= bronchioles dilate bronchioles

Question 37

beta-2 agonists drugs

Answer 37

epinephrine (save for anaphylaxis), isoproterenol, albuterol, clenbuterol

Question 38

side effects of beta-2 agonists

Answer 38

tachycardia and hypertension

Question 39

methylxanthines

Answer 39

inhibit an enzyme in smooth muscle promoting bronchodilation, stimulate heart muscle

Question 40

methylxanthine drugs

Answer 40

aminophylline and theophylline (cat asthma) caffeine, theobromine

Question 41

adverse effects of mex

Answer 41

GI upset, CNS stim, tachycardia, ataxia, arrhythmia

Question 42

decongestants

Answer 42

decrease congestion of nasal passages

Question 43

antihistamine

Answer 43

block effects of H1

Question 44

antihistamine drugs

Answer 44

diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, cetirizine

Question 45

adverse effects of antihistamine

Answer 45

sedation, GI upset

Question 46

corticosteroids

Answer 46

decrease inflammatory response or allergic respiration, equine obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 47

corticosteroids drugs

Answer 47

prednisolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone dipropionate

Question 48

cats cannot convert____

Answer 48

prednisone

Question 49

misc drugs

Answer 49

antimicrobials, mast cell stabilizers, diuretics for pulm. edema, resp. stimulants

Question 50

naxolone

Answer 50

reverse opioids increase resp.

Question 51

yobine

Answer 51

reverse xylazine increase resp.