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Pharmacology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pharmaco

A

drugs

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2
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

drug motion, absorption, blood levels, distribution, metabolism, excretion

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3
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

interactions between chemicals in the body systems (what they do)

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4
Q

target tissues

A

where we want the drug to go

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5
Q

loading dose

A

larger dose to kickstart the regimen

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6
Q

drug absorption

A

uptake of substance (site of administrations—> circulation to tissue)

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7
Q

where does drug absorption end

A

organs of metabolism for excretion

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8
Q

bioavailability

A

fraction of drug dose that reaches the blood stream

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9
Q

how bioavailable are IV drugs

A

100%

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10
Q

what effects drugs efficacy

A

form of drug, physical/chemical properties, time onset action, behavior of patient, nature of patients condition

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11
Q

routes of administration

A

PO, IV, IM, SQ, intraperitoneal, IA, IC, epidural, inhalation, topical

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12
Q

duration of action

A

PO>SQ>IM>IV

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13
Q

speed of absorption

A

IV>IM>SQ>PO

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14
Q

drug distribution

A

movement of an absorbed drug from blood to various tissues of the body

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15
Q

factors that may not guarantee drug will reach target tissue

A

chemical properties, tissue blood flow, protein binding, tissue binding, anatomic barriers

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16
Q

biotransformation

A

aka metabolism that predominantly occurs in the liver, enzyme systems alter drug so it can be removed

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17
Q

excretion

A

removal of drugs from body (kidneys) through waste, sweat, feces, lungs, etc

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18
Q

cardiovascular disease can

A

alter distribution of drugs, alters GI tract, hepatic, and renal blood flow

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19
Q

kidney disease can

A

decrease drug elimination which increases plasma drug concentrations, increased fluid retention, potential for drugs to interact

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20
Q

liver disease can

A

since the liver is the primary source of metabolism, the body would not be able to excrete drug properly, P might also have low protein

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21
Q

aging causes changes in…

A

body composition, reduced kidney function, decreased metabolism, absorption, and excretion

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22
Q

T/F drugs have 1 single effect

A

false

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23
Q

mechanism of action

A

physical interaction with cellular components

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24
Q

agonist

A

drug with high affinity for receptor

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25
Q

antagonist

A

blocks another drugs from binding with a receptor

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26
Q

pharmacotherapeutics

A

drug therapy

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27
Q

drug regimen

A

route of administration, dosage, frequency, and duration

28
Q

side effect

A

unintended effects occur within therapeutic range

29
Q

adverse reactions

A

unwanted/dangerous reactions that a drug may have

30
Q

drug reactions

A

drugs that should not be used together

31
Q

FDA

A

food and drug administration, regulates food, drugs, additives, med devices
approval safety and efficacy

32
Q

USDA

A

united states dept. of agriculture; vaccinations, serums, antitoxins (biologics)

33
Q

EPA

A

environmental protection agency; pesticides, rodenticides, insecticides

34
Q

how are drugs tested through FDA?

A

synthesis of new drug, safety effectiveness evaluation, submission to New Animal Drug Application, post marketing surveillance stage

35
Q

FDA label requirements

A

drug name (generic and trade), concentration, quality, name and address of manufacturer, controlled substances status, lot #, expiration date, packet insert

36
Q

prescription

A

meds that FDA deemed safe under discretion of Vet, must have VCP relationship

37
Q

prescription label requirements

A

label of name, address, # of licensed vet, DEA registration # for vet, signature of vet, drug name, concentration, and quantity, directions for use, full name of client, ID of animal, cautionary statements, # of refills, do not use medical abrv.

38
Q

effective dose

A

amount of test drug that causes desired effect in 50% of animals that receive it (ED50)

39
Q

lethal dose

A

amount of test drug that kills 50% of animals that receive it (LD50)

40
Q

therapeutic index

A

drug dose that produces desired effect with minimal or no signs of toxicity (margin of safety) LD50/ED50

41
Q

residue

A

remaining drug in animal products

42
Q

withdrawal period

A

minimum period of time from last dose and use of products for food

43
Q

over-the-counter drugs

A

purchased without prescription, no significant potential toxicity when taken as directed, OTC drugs may mask underlying conditions

44
Q

extra label drugs

A

using drugs not how it was approved for (using drugs for other purposes than og intention)

45
Q

controlled substances

A

drugs considered dangerous because of potential for human abuse or misuse controlled by DEA, labeled at schedule levels

46
Q

dietary sups/nutraceuticals

A

falls between food and drugs, non considered OTC drugs, FDA does not regulate

47
Q

compounded drugs

A

manipulation of a drug other than provided on approved drug label, FDA approved drugs only, limited custom compounding for patient

48
Q

contraindications

A

reasons not to use a drug

49
Q

4 sources of drugs

A

animal products, plant materials, minerals, synthetic products

50
Q

conditions that must be met for valid VCP relationship

A

vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgements in relation to health of animal, vet must recently see animal, vet must be available for follow up

51
Q

responsibilities of vet tech for drug administration

A

read drug label 3 times, must know possible side effects, correct dose, correct amount, correct route of administration

52
Q

route that drug goes through from administration to excretion

A

blood absorbed into bloodstream, binds with plasma, blood distributes drug into circulating capillaries, interstitial fluid, fluid bathes cells and finds receptor, drug exits cell, interstitial fluid, liver for metabolism, kidneys for excretion

53
Q

oral administration

A

not appropriate if vomiting, slowest absorption

54
Q

SQ administration

A

faster than oral, do not use hypertonic

55
Q

IM administration

A

faster than SQ, do not inject into vessels

56
Q

IV administration

A

fastest route, allergic or toxic side effects

57
Q

IP administration

A

slow absorption

58
Q

intra-arterial administration

A

may produce seizures or death

59
Q

intracardiac

A

emergency drugs or euthanasia

60
Q

intramedullary

A

for damaged veins

61
Q

inhalation administration

A

for respiratory system

62
Q

intradermal

A

allergy testing

63
Q

potential dangers of residues in animal products

A

potential allergies, antimicrobial resistance

64
Q

once a drug has been biotransformed it is called a…

A

metabolite

65
Q

safe disposal of unwanted drugs

A

incinerate, send to landfill, never flush, inventory control, follow state and federal guidelines, educate clients on proper disposal

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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