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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pharmaco

A

drugs

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2
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

drug motion, absorption, blood levels, distribution, metabolism, excretion

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3
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

interactions between chemicals in the body systems (what they do)

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4
Q

target tissues

A

where we want the drug to go

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5
Q

loading dose

A

larger dose to kickstart the regimen

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6
Q

drug absorption

A

uptake of substance (site of administrations—> circulation to tissue)

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7
Q

where does drug absorption end

A

organs of metabolism for excretion

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8
Q

bioavailability

A

fraction of drug dose that reaches the blood stream

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9
Q

how bioavailable are IV drugs

A

100%

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10
Q

what effects drugs efficacy

A

form of drug, physical/chemical properties, time onset action, behavior of patient, nature of patients condition

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11
Q

routes of administration

A

PO, IV, IM, SQ, intraperitoneal, IA, IC, epidural, inhalation, topical

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12
Q

duration of action

A

PO>SQ>IM>IV

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13
Q

speed of absorption

A

IV>IM>SQ>PO

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14
Q

drug distribution

A

movement of an absorbed drug from blood to various tissues of the body

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15
Q

factors that may not guarantee drug will reach target tissue

A

chemical properties, tissue blood flow, protein binding, tissue binding, anatomic barriers

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16
Q

biotransformation

A

aka metabolism that predominantly occurs in the liver, enzyme systems alter drug so it can be removed

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17
Q

excretion

A

removal of drugs from body (kidneys) through waste, sweat, feces, lungs, etc

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18
Q

cardiovascular disease can

A

alter distribution of drugs, alters GI tract, hepatic, and renal blood flow

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19
Q

kidney disease can

A

decrease drug elimination which increases plasma drug concentrations, increased fluid retention, potential for drugs to interact

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20
Q

liver disease can

A

since the liver is the primary source of metabolism, the body would not be able to excrete drug properly, P might also have low protein

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21
Q

aging causes changes in…

A

body composition, reduced kidney function, decreased metabolism, absorption, and excretion

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22
Q

T/F drugs have 1 single effect

A

false

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23
Q

mechanism of action

A

physical interaction with cellular components

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24
Q

agonist

A

drug with high affinity for receptor

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25
antagonist
blocks another drugs from binding with a receptor
26
pharmacotherapeutics
drug therapy
27
drug regimen
route of administration, dosage, frequency, and duration
28
side effect
unintended effects occur within therapeutic range
29
adverse reactions
unwanted/dangerous reactions that a drug may have
30
drug reactions
drugs that should not be used together
31
FDA
food and drug administration, regulates food, drugs, additives, med devices approval safety and efficacy
32
USDA
united states dept. of agriculture; vaccinations, serums, antitoxins (biologics)
33
EPA
environmental protection agency; pesticides, rodenticides, insecticides
34
how are drugs tested through FDA?
synthesis of new drug, safety effectiveness evaluation, submission to New Animal Drug Application, post marketing surveillance stage
35
FDA label requirements
drug name (generic and trade), concentration, quality, name and address of manufacturer, controlled substances status, lot #, expiration date, packet insert
36
prescription
meds that FDA deemed safe under discretion of Vet, must have VCP relationship
37
prescription label requirements
label of name, address, # of licensed vet, DEA registration # for vet, signature of vet, drug name, concentration, and quantity, directions for use, full name of client, ID of animal, cautionary statements, # of refills, do not use medical abrv.
38
effective dose
amount of test drug that causes desired effect in 50% of animals that receive it (ED50)
39
lethal dose
amount of test drug that kills 50% of animals that receive it (LD50)
40
therapeutic index
drug dose that produces desired effect with minimal or no signs of toxicity (margin of safety) LD50/ED50
41
residue
remaining drug in animal products
42
withdrawal period
minimum period of time from last dose and use of products for food
43
over-the-counter drugs
purchased without prescription, no significant potential toxicity when taken as directed, OTC drugs may mask underlying conditions
44
extra label drugs
using drugs not how it was approved for (using drugs for other purposes than og intention)
45
controlled substances
drugs considered dangerous because of potential for human abuse or misuse controlled by DEA, labeled at schedule levels
46
dietary sups/nutraceuticals
falls between food and drugs, non considered OTC drugs, FDA does not regulate
47
compounded drugs
manipulation of a drug other than provided on approved drug label, FDA approved drugs only, limited custom compounding for patient
48
contraindications
reasons not to use a drug
49
4 sources of drugs
animal products, plant materials, minerals, synthetic products
50
conditions that must be met for valid VCP relationship
vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgements in relation to health of animal, vet must recently see animal, vet must be available for follow up
51
responsibilities of vet tech for drug administration
read drug label 3 times, must know possible side effects, correct dose, correct amount, correct route of administration
52
route that drug goes through from administration to excretion
blood absorbed into bloodstream, binds with plasma, blood distributes drug into circulating capillaries, interstitial fluid, fluid bathes cells and finds receptor, drug exits cell, interstitial fluid, liver for metabolism, kidneys for excretion
53
oral administration
not appropriate if vomiting, slowest absorption
54
SQ administration
faster than oral, do not use hypertonic
55
IM administration
faster than SQ, do not inject into vessels
56
IV administration
fastest route, allergic or toxic side effects
57
IP administration
slow absorption
58
intra-arterial administration
may produce seizures or death
59
intracardiac
emergency drugs or euthanasia
60
intramedullary
for damaged veins
61
inhalation administration
for respiratory system
62
intradermal
allergy testing
63
potential dangers of residues in animal products
potential allergies, antimicrobial resistance
64
once a drug has been biotransformed it is called a...
metabolite
65
safe disposal of unwanted drugs
incinerate, send to landfill, never flush, inventory control, follow state and federal guidelines, educate clients on proper disposal

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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