Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > antimicrobials > Flashcards

antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

antimicrobials

A

kills and inhibits growth of microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of antimicrobials

A

anti
-biotics
-fungals
-virals
-protozoal
-parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antibiotics

A

only work on bacteria, narrow spectrum or broad spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bactericidal

A

kills bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bacteriostatic

A

inhibits growth of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do antibiotics work

A

inhibition of cell wall synthesis, damage to cell membrane, inhibition of protein synthesis,. interfere with metabolism, impairment of nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antibiotic resistance

A

bacteria continue to survive and continue to multiply after antibiotic administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antibiotic residue

A

presence of chemical or metabolites in animal tissue or animal products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

withdrawal times

A

aimed at eliminating antibiotic residues in food and animal products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

penicillins

A

have beta-lactam structure that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how to identify penicillins

A

“cillin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

penicillin G

A

narrow spectrum, gram positive, given parenterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

penicillin V

A

narrow spectrum, gram positive, given orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

broader spectrum penicillins

A

semi-synthetic, amoxicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, methicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

beta-lactamase

A

enzyme produced by some bacteria that destroys penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

beta-lactamase resistant penicillin

A

resist the beta-lactamase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

potentiated penicillin

A

chemically combined with another drug to enhance the effect of both (amoxicillin, clavulanic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cephalosporins

A

effect cell wall, semi-synthetic, broad spectrum antibiotic, identified with cef or ceph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

side effects of cephalosporins

A

skin infections, soft tissue infections, bovine mastitis, shipping fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aminoglycosides

A

interfere with production of protein in bacterial cells, broad spectrum, gram-neg bacteria, given parentally, “micin” “mycin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

side effects of aminoglycosides

A

nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

22
Q

examples of aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin

23
Q

tetracyclines

A

interfere with production of protein in bacterial cells, respiratory infections and rickettsial agents, bind to calcium deposited into growing bones or teeth, “cylcine”

24
Q

side effects of tetracycline

A

teeth staining in young animals

25
Q

examples of tetracycline

A

tetracycline, doxycycline, monocycline

26
Q

macrolides

A

used to treat penicillin resistant infections or if animal is allergic, erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin

27
Q

lincosamides

A

interfere with production of protein in bacterial cells, narrow, gram-positive

28
Q

side effects of lincosamides

A

GI problems

29
Q

examples of lincosamides

A

clindamycin, pirlimycin, lincomycin

30
Q

sulfonamides

A

antimetabolites, inhibit synthesis of folic acid, some stay in GI tract some are absorbed into tissues

31
Q

side effects of sulfonamides

A

crystalluria, KCS, and skin rashes

32
Q

clinical uses for sulfonamides

A

UTI, URI, coccidosis

33
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

nucleic acid agents, increases drugs potency, spectrum of activity, and absorption, broad spectrum, identified by floxacin

34
Q

side effects of fluoroquinolones

A

bubble like cartilage lesions in growing dogs, crystalluria

35
Q

nitrofurans

A

broad spectrum, treat wounds and UTI, identified as “fura”

36
Q

nitroimidazole

A

antibacterial and antiprotozoal, metronidazole drug of choice for dog diarrhea

37
Q

florfenicol

A

interferes with production of protein, synthetic broad spectrum, florfenicol is the only drug in this category

38
Q

what is florfenicol used for

A

bovine resp. disease

39
Q

side effects of florfenicol

A

local tissue reaction, decreased water consumption, diarrhea

40
Q

rifampin

A

disrupts RNA synthesis, used in conjunction with other AB

41
Q

chloramphenicol

A

broad spectrum, interferes with production of protein, penetrates tissues and fluids, SE bone marrow depression

42
Q

bacitracin

A

against gram-pos bacteria, used topically and food additive

43
Q

vancomycin

A

against gram pos bacteria, used for resistant infections

44
Q

polymyxin B

A

attacks cell membrane of bacteria, narrow spectrum gram pos antibiotic, used as ointment or wet dressing

45
Q

superficial fungi

A

ringworm

46
Q

systemic fungi

A

blastomycosis

47
Q

polyene antifungal

A

bind to fungal cell membrane

48
Q

examples of polyene

A

nystatin, amphotericin B (can be extremely nephrotoxic)

49
Q

imidazole antifungal

A

causes leakage of fungal cell membrane, identified with “conazole”

50
Q

antimetabolic antifungal

A

interferes with metabolism of RNA (flucytosine)

51
Q

superficial antifungals

A

disrupts fungal cell division, (griseofulvin) for dermatophyte and lyme sulfur

52
Q

lufenuron

A

treat ringworm in cats

Pharmacology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions