antimicrobials Flashcards
antimicrobials
kills and inhibits growth of microbes
types of antimicrobials
anti
-biotics
-fungals
-virals
-protozoal
-parasites
antibiotics
only work on bacteria, narrow spectrum or broad spectrum
bactericidal
kills bacteria
bacteriostatic
inhibits growth of bacteria
how do antibiotics work
inhibition of cell wall synthesis, damage to cell membrane, inhibition of protein synthesis,. interfere with metabolism, impairment of nucleic acid
antibiotic resistance
bacteria continue to survive and continue to multiply after antibiotic administration
antibiotic residue
presence of chemical or metabolites in animal tissue or animal products
withdrawal times
aimed at eliminating antibiotic residues in food and animal products
penicillins
have beta-lactam structure that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis
how to identify penicillins
“cillin”
penicillin G
narrow spectrum, gram positive, given parenterally
penicillin V
narrow spectrum, gram positive, given orally
broader spectrum penicillins
semi-synthetic, amoxicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, methicillin
beta-lactamase
enzyme produced by some bacteria that destroys penicillin
beta-lactamase resistant penicillin
resist the beta-lactamase
potentiated penicillin
chemically combined with another drug to enhance the effect of both (amoxicillin, clavulanic acid)
cephalosporins
effect cell wall, semi-synthetic, broad spectrum antibiotic, identified with cef or ceph
side effects of cephalosporins
skin infections, soft tissue infections, bovine mastitis, shipping fever
aminoglycosides
interfere with production of protein in bacterial cells, broad spectrum, gram-neg bacteria, given parentally, “micin” “mycin”