antimicrobials

Question 1

antimicrobials

Answer 1

kills and inhibits growth of microbes

Question 2

types of antimicrobials

Answer 2

anti
-biotics
-fungals
-virals
-protozoal
-parasites

Question 3

antibiotics

Answer 3

only work on bacteria, narrow spectrum or broad spectrum

Question 4

bactericidal

Answer 4

kills bacteria

Question 5

bacteriostatic

Answer 5

inhibits growth of bacteria

Question 6

how do antibiotics work

Answer 6

inhibition of cell wall synthesis, damage to cell membrane, inhibition of protein synthesis,. interfere with metabolism, impairment of nucleic acid

Question 7

antibiotic resistance

Answer 7

bacteria continue to survive and continue to multiply after antibiotic administration

Question 8

antibiotic residue

Answer 8

presence of chemical or metabolites in animal tissue or animal products

Question 9

withdrawal times

Answer 9

aimed at eliminating antibiotic residues in food and animal products

Question 10

penicillins

Answer 10

have beta-lactam structure that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 11

how to identify penicillins

Answer 11

“cillin”

Question 12

penicillin G

Answer 12

narrow spectrum, gram positive, given parenterally

Question 13

penicillin V

Answer 13

narrow spectrum, gram positive, given orally

Question 14

broader spectrum penicillins

Answer 14

semi-synthetic, amoxicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, methicillin

Question 15

beta-lactamase

Answer 15

enzyme produced by some bacteria that destroys penicillin

Question 16

beta-lactamase resistant penicillin

Answer 16

resist the beta-lactamase

Question 17

potentiated penicillin

Answer 17

chemically combined with another drug to enhance the effect of both (amoxicillin, clavulanic acid)

Question 18

cephalosporins

Answer 18

effect cell wall, semi-synthetic, broad spectrum antibiotic, identified with cef or ceph

Question 19

side effects of cephalosporins

Answer 19

skin infections, soft tissue infections, bovine mastitis, shipping fever

Question 20

aminoglycosides

Answer 20

interfere with production of protein in bacterial cells, broad spectrum, gram-neg bacteria, given parentally, “micin” “mycin”

Question 21

side effects of aminoglycosides

Answer 21

nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Question 22

examples of aminoglycosides

Answer 22

gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin

Question 23

tetracyclines

Answer 23

interfere with production of protein in bacterial cells, respiratory infections and rickettsial agents, bind to calcium deposited into growing bones or teeth, “cylcine”

Question 24

side effects of tetracycline

Answer 24

teeth staining in young animals

Question 25

examples of tetracycline

Answer 25

tetracycline, doxycycline, monocycline

Question 26

macrolides

Answer 26

used to treat penicillin resistant infections or if animal is allergic, erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin

Question 27

lincosamides

Answer 27

interfere with production of protein in bacterial cells, narrow, gram-positive

Question 28

side effects of lincosamides

Answer 28

GI problems

Question 29

examples of lincosamides

Answer 29

clindamycin, pirlimycin, lincomycin

Question 30

sulfonamides

Answer 30

antimetabolites, inhibit synthesis of folic acid, some stay in GI tract some are absorbed into tissues

Question 31

side effects of sulfonamides

Answer 31

crystalluria, KCS, and skin rashes

Question 32

clinical uses for sulfonamides

Answer 32

UTI, URI, coccidosis

Question 33

fluoroquinolones

Answer 33

nucleic acid agents, increases drugs potency, spectrum of activity, and absorption, broad spectrum, identified by floxacin

Question 34

side effects of fluoroquinolones

Answer 34

bubble like cartilage lesions in growing dogs, crystalluria

Question 35

nitrofurans

Answer 35

broad spectrum, treat wounds and UTI, identified as "fura"

Question 36

nitroimidazole

Answer 36

antibacterial and antiprotozoal, metronidazole drug of choice for dog diarrhea

Question 37

florfenicol

Answer 37

interferes with production of protein, synthetic broad spectrum, florfenicol is the only drug in this category

Question 38

what is florfenicol used for

Answer 38

bovine resp. disease

Question 39

side effects of florfenicol

Answer 39

local tissue reaction, decreased water consumption, diarrhea

Question 40

rifampin

Answer 40

disrupts RNA synthesis, used in conjunction with other AB

Question 41

chloramphenicol

Answer 41

broad spectrum, interferes with production of protein, penetrates tissues and fluids, SE bone marrow depression

Question 42

bacitracin

Answer 42

against gram-pos bacteria, used topically and food additive

Question 43

vancomycin

Answer 43

against gram pos bacteria, used for resistant infections

Question 44

polymyxin B

Answer 44

attacks cell membrane of bacteria, narrow spectrum gram pos antibiotic, used as ointment or wet dressing

Question 45

superficial fungi

Answer 45

ringworm

Question 46

systemic fungi

Answer 46

blastomycosis

Question 47

polyene antifungal

Answer 47

bind to fungal cell membrane

Question 48

examples of polyene

Answer 48

nystatin, amphotericin B (can be extremely nephrotoxic)

Question 49

imidazole antifungal

Answer 49

causes leakage of fungal cell membrane, identified with "conazole"

Question 50

antimetabolic antifungal

Answer 50

interferes with metabolism of RNA (flucytosine)

Question 51

superficial antifungals

Answer 51

disrupts fungal cell division, (griseofulvin) for dermatophyte and lyme sulfur

Question 52

lufenuron

Answer 52

treat ringworm in cats