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Pharmacology > hormonal and repro drugs > Flashcards

hormonal and repro drugs Flashcards

1
Q

chemical messengers produced by cells in one part of the body and transported to another that influences cellular activity

A

hormone

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2
Q

negative feedback

A

response to low or high levels of hormones in the body

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3
Q

positive feedback

A

hormone levels continue to rise due to stimulus

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4
Q

anterior pituitary hormones used in vet practice

A

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH

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5
Q

posterior pituitary hormones used in practice

A

ADH, oxytocin

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6
Q

TSH

A

used in Dx for hypothyroidism

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7
Q

ACTH

A

used to stimulate adrenal cortex for hypo and hyperadrenocorticism

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8
Q

FSH and LH

A

for reproduction

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9
Q

GH

A

used to increase growth rate and feed use efficiency in livestock and increase milk production

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10
Q

insulin

A

responds to rise in blood glucose and promotes uptake of glucose for energy in cells (lowers BG)

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11
Q

glucagon

A

increases blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (increases BG)

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12
Q

diabetes mellites

A

disease of fat, carb, and protein metabolism caused by lack of insulin

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13
Q

clinical signs of diabetes mellitus

A

PU, PD, PP, weight loss

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14
Q

how to treat diabetes mellitus

A

diet and meds

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15
Q

DKA

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

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16
Q

hallmark of diabetes mellitus

A

persistent fasting hyperglycemia

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17
Q

insulin must be given ____ and cannot be given_____

A

with food, orally

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18
Q

insulin

A

used to treat DM by keeping glucose in proper range

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19
Q

short-acting insulin

A

used for initial treatment of DKA that lasts 1-2 hours
ex. humulin R, novolin R

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20
Q

intermediate-acting insulin

A

used to control blood glucose in uncomplicated cases of DM lasts 12 hours
ex. humulin N, novolin N, vetsulin

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21
Q

long-acting insulin

A

used to control blood glucose for longer periods of time, especially in cats, lasts 12-18 hrs
ex. glargine, detimir, prozinc

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22
Q

measuring insulin

A

units of insulin/ mL (U-40, U-100, U-500) 1 unit= 0.01 ml

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23
Q

U-100 insulin is _____ stronger than U-40

A

2.5 times

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24
Q

oral hypoglycemic agents are _____

A

not typically done

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25
Q

hyperglycemic agents

A

only used for insulinoma

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26
Q

function of thyroid gland

A

metabolism, regulation of body temp, HR, skin health

27
Q

hormones from thyroid

A

T4 or T3

28
Q

abnormalities in thyroid

A

hyper and hypo thyroidism

29
Q

hypothyroidism

A

decreased coat condition, loss of hair, bilateral flank alopecia, weight gain, puffy

30
Q

thyroid therapy

A

levothyroxine (T4)

31
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

increased thirst, weight loss, ++ defecation, tachycardia, palpable thyroid

32
Q

treatment for hyperthyroidism

A

I-131 (iodine), methimazole

33
Q

the adrenal cortex releases what

A

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

34
Q

hypoadrenocorticism

A

adrenocortical insufficiency, middle aged female dogs, lethargy, weakness, low BP, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, low Na+, elevated K+, azotemia

35
Q

Dx addisons

A

ACTH stimulation test

36
Q

Tx for addisons

A

corticosteroids-dexamethasone, fludrocortisone, desoxycorticosterone

37
Q

hyperadrenocorticism

A

PU, PD, PP, hair loss, pot belly

38
Q

Dx cushings

A

ACTH or dexamethasone test

39
Q

Tx cushings

A

trilostane **

40
Q

key hormone in reproduction

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone, stimulate gonads

41
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

42
Q

LH

A

causes maturation of the follicle in ovulation

43
Q

after ovulation, the follicle is called ______ and releases _______

A

corpus luteum, progesterone

44
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

used to treat cystic ovaries in cattle, detect cryptorchidism in dogs, get infertile bitches to cycle, and make breeding mares ovulate

45
Q

pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)

A

used to stimulate cycle and ovulation in mares, follicle stim in many species

46
Q

gonadorelin (GnRH)

A

treat follicular cysts in cattle, estrus synch in cattle, induce estrus in many species

47
Q

testosterone

A

made in interstitial cells, used to treat infertility and hypogonadism, and urinary incontinence (CIII)

48
Q

mibolerone

A

blocks release of LH from anterior pituitary gland and follicle does not develop, used to develop estrus in dogs and prevent false pregnancies, not safe for cats

49
Q

progesterone

A

decreases uterine activity in estrus or pregnant female, used to treat behavior problems and some dermatitis

50
Q

examples of progesterone

A

megestrol, medroxyprogesterone acetate, altrenogest, progesterone, melengestrol

51
Q

control estrus and false pregnancy, dermatologic conditions in cats

A

megestrol acetate (ovaban, megace)

52
Q

side effects of megestrol acetate

A

endometrial hyperplasia, adrenal depression

53
Q

suppress estrus in dogs and cats

A

medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-provera)

54
Q

side effects of medroxy

A

pyometra, mammary changes

55
Q

suppress estrus in mares, supplement for progesterone for pregnancy

A

altrenogest (Regu-mate)

56
Q

synch estrus in cattle, used with estrogen

A

Norgestomet (synchro-mate-b)

57
Q

uses of estrogen

A

female sex characters, prevent implantation of ova, aid in expulsion of expelled placenta, induce estrus in non-breeding season in horses

58
Q

examples of estrogen

A

estradiol cypionate, diethylstilbestrol, incurin

59
Q

prostaglandins

A

causes lysis to corpus luteum which initiates estrus, used to treat pyometra and abortions, synch estrus in cattle and horses

60
Q

examples of prostaglandins

A

dinoprost, fluprostenol, cloprostenol

61
Q

how are growth promotants prepared for sheep and cattle (promote weight gain)

A

compressed pellets implanted SQ into ear

62
Q

examples of growth promotants

A

estradiol, test, progesterone, trenbolone, zeranol

63
Q

anabolic steroids

A

tissue building affect, synthetic, CIII (stanozolol)

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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