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Pharmacology > immunologic drugs > Flashcards

immunologic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

nonspecific immunity

A

physical barriers like mucus production, inflammation, fever, and phagocytosis, initial defense

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2
Q

specific immunity

A

takes over nonspecific mechanisms fail, targeted for specific antigen, has memory, B and T cells

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3
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T-lymphocytes directly attack antigen

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4
Q

antibody mediated immunity

A

B-lymphocytes produce antibodies that react to antigen

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5
Q

active immunity

A

arises when animal receives antigen that activates B cells and T cells, creates memory

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6
Q

passive immunity

A

arises when animal receives antibodies from another animal, provides immediate immunity

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7
Q

natural immunity

A

acquired during normal biological experiences

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8
Q

artificial immunity

A

acquired through medical procedures

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9
Q

vaccines

A

produce artificial immunity, suspension of weakend (live or killed) microorganism

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10
Q

adjuvants

A

substances that enhance the immune response

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11
Q

inactivated (killed)

A

made from microbes, parts or by products, that has been chemically treated to kill the microbe

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12
Q

advantages to killed

A

safe, stable, unlikely to cause disease

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13
Q

disadvantages to killed

A

need repeated doses, possible reactions

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14
Q

examples of killed

A

rabies, bordetella, canine influenza

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15
Q

live

A

made from live organisms that may be fully active or inactive, not commonly used

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16
Q

advantages to live

A

fewer doses needed, last longer, inexpensive

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17
Q

disadvantages to live

A

residual virulence, possible contamination

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18
Q

examples of live

A

brucella abortus, ecthyma, poultry vaccines

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19
Q

attenuated

A

microorganisms are inactive but are able to replicate

20
Q

advantages to attenuated

A

lasts longer, better efficacy

21
Q

disadvantages to attenuated

A

possible abortion, mild forms of the disease, can shed into the environment

22
Q

examples of attenuated

A

DHLPP, FVRCP

23
Q

recombinant

A

gene or part of microorganism is removed from one organism and inserted into another microorganism

24
Q

advantages to recombinant

A

safe, effected, few side effects, varied routes of administration

25
Q

disadvantages to recombinant

A

increased cost

26
Q

recombinant type 1

A

taking gene from pathogen into recombinant organism

27
Q

recombinant type II

A

deleting genes from organism

28
Q

recombinant type III

A

insertion of specific pathogenic material into non-pathologic or gene-deleted organism

29
Q

toxoids

A

“vaccine” used against toxin or protein rather than bacteria or virus, toxin has been deactivated by heat or chemicals

30
Q

advantages of toxoids

A

provides protection against toxin

31
Q

disadvantages of toxoids

A

shorter duration of effectiveness, may contain adjuvants

32
Q

antitoxins

A

contain antibodies, obtained from animal that has been hypersensitized to neutralize toxins

33
Q

antitoxin advantages

A

quick protection from toxin

34
Q

antitoxin advantages

A

short-lived protection, may contain preservatives

35
Q

antiserum

A

antibody rich serum obtained from infected animal

36
Q

advantages to antiserum

A

provides quick protection against microorganism

37
Q

disadvantages to antiserum

A

shorter duration and effectiveness, may contain adjuvants

38
Q

autogenous

A

produced for specific disease in a specific area from sick animal

39
Q

advantages to autogenous

A

provides protection against specific organism

40
Q

disadvantages to autogenous

A

may contain endotoxin and by-products

41
Q

examples of autogenous

A

strangles vaccine

42
Q

multi-valent

A

polyvalent

43
Q

single valent

A

monovalent

44
Q

what can cause vaccine failure

A

heat, improper storage, inadequate handling, immunosuppression, maternal antibodies

45
Q

maternally derived antibodies

A

antibodies that offspring receive passively from mother

46
Q

possible vaccine reaction

A

reaction at inj location, facial swelling, redness, hives, fever lethargy, vomiting, salivation, dyspnea, sarcoma, hemolytic anemia

47
Q

what vaccine can you not give a pregnant animal?

A

live vaccines

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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