immunologic drugs

Question 1

nonspecific immunity

Answer 1

physical barriers like mucus production, inflammation, fever, and phagocytosis, initial defense

Question 2

specific immunity

Answer 2

takes over nonspecific mechanisms fail, targeted for specific antigen, has memory, B and T cells

Question 3

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 3

T-lymphocytes directly attack antigen

Question 4

antibody mediated immunity

Answer 4

B-lymphocytes produce antibodies that react to antigen

Question 5

active immunity

Answer 5

arises when animal receives antigen that activates B cells and T cells, creates memory

Question 6

passive immunity

Answer 6

arises when animal receives antibodies from another animal, provides immediate immunity

Question 7

natural immunity

Answer 7

acquired during normal biological experiences

Question 8

artificial immunity

Answer 8

acquired through medical procedures

Question 9

vaccines

Answer 9

produce artificial immunity, suspension of weakend (live or killed) microorganism

Question 10

adjuvants

Answer 10

substances that enhance the immune response

Question 11

inactivated (killed)

Answer 11

made from microbes, parts or by products, that has been chemically treated to kill the microbe

Question 12

advantages to killed

Answer 12

safe, stable, unlikely to cause disease

Question 13

disadvantages to killed

Answer 13

need repeated doses, possible reactions

Question 14

examples of killed

Answer 14

rabies, bordetella, canine influenza

Question 15

live

Answer 15

made from live organisms that may be fully active or inactive, not commonly used

Question 16

advantages to live

Answer 16

fewer doses needed, last longer, inexpensive

Question 17

disadvantages to live

Answer 17

residual virulence, possible contamination

Question 18

examples of live

Answer 18

brucella abortus, ecthyma, poultry vaccines

Question 19

attenuated

Answer 19

microorganisms are inactive but are able to replicate

Question 20

advantages to attenuated

Answer 20

lasts longer, better efficacy

Question 21

disadvantages to attenuated

Answer 21

possible abortion, mild forms of the disease, can shed into the environment

Question 22

examples of attenuated

Answer 22

DHLPP, FVRCP

Question 23

recombinant

Answer 23

gene or part of microorganism is removed from one organism and inserted into another microorganism

Question 24

advantages to recombinant

Answer 24

safe, effected, few side effects, varied routes of administration

Question 25

disadvantages to recombinant

Answer 25

increased cost

Question 26

recombinant type 1

Answer 26

taking gene from pathogen into recombinant organism

Question 27

recombinant type II

Answer 27

deleting genes from organism

Question 28

recombinant type III

Answer 28

insertion of specific pathogenic material into non-pathologic or gene-deleted organism

Question 29

toxoids

Answer 29

"vaccine" used against toxin or protein rather than bacteria or virus, toxin has been deactivated by heat or chemicals

Question 30

advantages of toxoids

Answer 30

provides protection against toxin

Question 31

disadvantages of toxoids

Answer 31

shorter duration of effectiveness, may contain adjuvants

Question 32

antitoxins

Answer 32

contain antibodies, obtained from animal that has been hypersensitized to neutralize toxins

Question 33

antitoxin advantages

Answer 33

quick protection from toxin

Question 34

antitoxin advantages

Answer 34

short-lived protection, may contain preservatives

Question 35

antiserum

Answer 35

antibody rich serum obtained from infected animal

Question 36

advantages to antiserum

Answer 36

provides quick protection against microorganism

Question 37

disadvantages to antiserum

Answer 37

shorter duration and effectiveness, may contain adjuvants

Question 38

autogenous

Answer 38

produced for specific disease in a specific area from sick animal

Question 39

advantages to autogenous

Answer 39

provides protection against specific organism

Question 40

disadvantages to autogenous

Answer 40

may contain endotoxin and by-products

Question 41

examples of autogenous

Answer 41

strangles vaccine

Question 42

multi-valent

Answer 42

polyvalent

Question 43

single valent

Answer 43

monovalent

Question 44

what can cause vaccine failure

Answer 44

heat, improper storage, inadequate handling, immunosuppression, maternal antibodies

Question 45

maternally derived antibodies

Answer 45

antibodies that offspring receive passively from mother

Question 46

possible vaccine reaction

Answer 46

reaction at inj location, facial swelling, redness, hives, fever lethargy, vomiting, salivation, dyspnea, sarcoma, hemolytic anemia

Question 47

what vaccine can you not give a pregnant animal?

Answer 47

live vaccines