renal and urinary drugs

Question 1

structures of urinary system

Answer 1

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra

Question 2

individual structures of kidney

Answer 2

nephrons

Question 3

functions of kidneys

Answer 3

excrete waste, acid-base balance, regulate electrolytes, blood volume control, regulation of blood pressure

Question 4

urinary disorders

Answer 4

infections, inflammation, irritation, renal failure, incontinence, uroliths

Question 5

bacterial infections lead to

Answer 5

inflammation, polyuria, dysuria

Question 6

diuretics

Answer 6

increase volume of urine being excreted, release of water from kidneys, lower fluid volume in tissues, decrease edema

Question 7

types of diuretics

Answer 7

thiazides, loop diuretics, K-sparing diuretics, osmotics

Question 8

loop diuretics (loop of henle)

Answer 8

potent diuretics that inhibit tubular reabsorption of Na+, promote excretion of K+ Cl- and water

Question 9

uses for loop diuretics

Answer 9

CHF, pulmonary edema, hypertension

Question 10

side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 10

electrolyte imbalances

Question 11

example of loop diuretic

Answer 11

furosemide

Question 12

osmotic diuretics

Answer 12

exerts high osmotic pressure in kidneys and limiting tubular reabsorption

Question 13

uses for osmotic diuretics

Answer 13

oliguria, decrease IOP

Question 14

side effects of osmotic diuretics

Answer 14

fluid and electrolyte imbalance, vomiting

Question 15

example of osmotic diuretic

Answer 15

mannitol and glycerin

Question 16

thiazides

Answer 16

reduce edema by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water

Question 17

uses for thiazides

Answer 17

diabetes, hypertension, CHF

Question 18

thiazides have ____ duration than osmotics

Answer 18

longer

Question 19

examples of thiazides

Answer 19

hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide

Question 20

potassium-sparing diuretic

Answer 20

promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention

Question 21

uses of potassium-sparing diuretic

Answer 21

CHF

Question 22

example of potassium-sparing diuretic

Answer 22

spironolactone

Question 23

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic

Answer 23

decrease IOP

Question 24

CAI diuretic side effects

Answer 24

acidosis, hypokalemia

Question 25

CAI diuretic example

Answer 25

acetazolamide

Question 26

antihypertensive drugs

Answer 26

drugs that decrease blood pressure

Question 27

ACE inhibitors

Answer 27

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Question 28

ACe inhibitors function

Answer 28

block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which decreases aldosterone

Question 29

examples of ACE

Answer 29

enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, benazapril

Question 30

calcium channel blocker ex

Answer 30

diltiazem, amlodipine

Question 31

vasodilator ex

Answer 31

hydralazine, dopamine

Question 32

beta-adrenergic antagonist

Answer 32

beta blockers: side effect is low BP (propranolol)

Question 33

alpha-adrenergic antagonist

Answer 33

alpha-1 adrenergic receptors resulting in vasodilation (phenoxybenzamine, prazosin)

Question 34

urolith

Answer 34

urinary stone

Question 35

urinary acidifiers

Answer 35

produce acid urine, dissolves struvite stones, ex. methionine, ammonium chloride

Question 36

urinary alkalinizers

Answer 36

treat calcium oxalate, cystine, and ammonium urate uroliths, ex. potassium citrate

Question 37

xanthine oxidase

Answer 37

decrease production of uric acid, which helps decrease formation of ammonium urate uroliths, ex. allopurinol

Question 38

urinary incontinence

Answer 38

loss of control of micturition

Question 39

incontinence may be caused by

Answer 39

neurologic disorders, tumors, degeneration, or non-neurologic include stress, urge, hormones

Question 40

cholinergic agonists for urinary incontinence

Answer 40

treat animals with damage to nerves that control relaxation of bladder (bethanechol)

Question 41

anticholinergics for urinary incontinence

Answer 41

promote urine retention in bladder (propantheline, butylhysocine)

Question 42

alpha-adrenergic antagonists

Answer 42

decrease tone of internal urethral sphincters, often used after after urethral obstruction in male cats, can be used in paralyzed animals (phenoxybenzamine, prazosin)

Question 43

hormones can be used for _______ incontinence

Answer 43

non-neurologic

Question 44

estrogen

Answer 44

treats hormone-responsive for F/S dogs

Question 45

estrogen derivative drugs

Answer 45

Incurin (estriol)

Question 46

alpha and beta agonists do what for non-neurologic incontinence

Answer 46

stimulate receptors, increase urethral tone, phenylpropanolamine

Question 47

ex of skeletal muscle relaxant

Answer 47

diazepam

Question 48

azodyl

Answer 48

supplement, beneficial bacteria that support renal health by targeting nitrogenous waste

Question 49

epakitin

Answer 49

phosphate binder used in renal failure

Question 50

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 50

feline idiopathic cystitis

Question 51

glycosaminoglycans

Answer 51

treat feline idiopathic cystitis

Question 52

epoetin

Answer 52

anemia associated with renal disease