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Pharmacology > renal and urinary drugs > Flashcards

renal and urinary drugs Flashcards

1
Q

structures of urinary system

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra

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2
Q

individual structures of kidney

A

nephrons

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3
Q

functions of kidneys

A

excrete waste, acid-base balance, regulate electrolytes, blood volume control, regulation of blood pressure

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4
Q

urinary disorders

A

infections, inflammation, irritation, renal failure, incontinence, uroliths

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5
Q

bacterial infections lead to

A

inflammation, polyuria, dysuria

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6
Q

diuretics

A

increase volume of urine being excreted, release of water from kidneys, lower fluid volume in tissues, decrease edema

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7
Q

types of diuretics

A

thiazides, loop diuretics, K-sparing diuretics, osmotics

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8
Q

loop diuretics (loop of henle)

A

potent diuretics that inhibit tubular reabsorption of Na+, promote excretion of K+ Cl- and water

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9
Q

uses for loop diuretics

A

CHF, pulmonary edema, hypertension

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10
Q

side effects of loop diuretics

A

electrolyte imbalances

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11
Q

example of loop diuretic

A

furosemide

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12
Q

osmotic diuretics

A

exerts high osmotic pressure in kidneys and limiting tubular reabsorption

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13
Q

uses for osmotic diuretics

A

oliguria, decrease IOP

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14
Q

side effects of osmotic diuretics

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalance, vomiting

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15
Q

example of osmotic diuretic

A

mannitol and glycerin

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16
Q

thiazides

A

reduce edema by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water

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17
Q

uses for thiazides

A

diabetes, hypertension, CHF

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18
Q

thiazides have ____ duration than osmotics

A

longer

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19
Q

examples of thiazides

A

hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide

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20
Q

potassium-sparing diuretic

A

promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention

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21
Q

uses of potassium-sparing diuretic

A

CHF

22
Q

example of potassium-sparing diuretic

A

spironolactone

23
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic

A

decrease IOP

24
Q

CAI diuretic side effects

A

acidosis, hypokalemia

25
Q

CAI diuretic example

A

acetazolamide

26
Q

antihypertensive drugs

A

drugs that decrease blood pressure

27
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

28
Q

ACe inhibitors function

A

block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which decreases aldosterone

29
Q

examples of ACE

A

enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, benazapril

30
Q

calcium channel blocker ex

A

diltiazem, amlodipine

31
Q

vasodilator ex

A

hydralazine, dopamine

32
Q

beta-adrenergic antagonist

A

beta blockers: side effect is low BP (propranolol)

33
Q

alpha-adrenergic antagonist

A

alpha-1 adrenergic receptors resulting in vasodilation (phenoxybenzamine, prazosin)

34
Q

urolith

A

urinary stone

35
Q

urinary acidifiers

A

produce acid urine, dissolves struvite stones, ex. methionine, ammonium chloride

36
Q

urinary alkalinizers

A

treat calcium oxalate, cystine, and ammonium urate uroliths, ex. potassium citrate

37
Q

xanthine oxidase

A

decrease production of uric acid, which helps decrease formation of ammonium urate uroliths, ex. allopurinol

38
Q

urinary incontinence

A

loss of control of micturition

39
Q

incontinence may be caused by

A

neurologic disorders, tumors, degeneration, or non-neurologic include stress, urge, hormones

40
Q

cholinergic agonists for urinary incontinence

A

treat animals with damage to nerves that control relaxation of bladder (bethanechol)

41
Q

anticholinergics for urinary incontinence

A

promote urine retention in bladder (propantheline, butylhysocine)

42
Q

alpha-adrenergic antagonists

A

decrease tone of internal urethral sphincters, often used after after urethral obstruction in male cats, can be used in paralyzed animals (phenoxybenzamine, prazosin)

43
Q

hormones can be used for _______ incontinence

A

non-neurologic

44
Q

estrogen

A

treats hormone-responsive for F/S dogs

45
Q

estrogen derivative drugs

A

Incurin (estriol)

46
Q

alpha and beta agonists do what for non-neurologic incontinence

A

stimulate receptors, increase urethral tone, phenylpropanolamine

47
Q

ex of skeletal muscle relaxant

A

diazepam

48
Q

azodyl

A

supplement, beneficial bacteria that support renal health by targeting nitrogenous waste

49
Q

epakitin

A

phosphate binder used in renal failure

50
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

feline idiopathic cystitis

51
Q

glycosaminoglycans

A

treat feline idiopathic cystitis

52
Q

epoetin

A

anemia associated with renal disease

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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