Respiratory Disease

Question 1

common issues regarding ventilation

Answer 1

airway patency , muscle issues

Question 2

common issues regarding gas exchange

Answer 2

number of alveoli, alveolar wall fibrosis

Question 3

how many lobes do the left and right lung have

Answer 3

left - 2

right = 3

Question 4

costophrenic angles

Answer 4

bottom corners of lungs where ribs meet diaphram

Question 5

type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 5

ventilation inadequate to deliver enough o2 to blood

Question 6

muscles used in ventilation

Answer 6

diaphram , internal and external intercostals, accesory muscles e.g sternocleidomastoid , pectoralis major

Question 7

emphysema

Answer 7

codition seeing damage and destruction of alveoli causing shortness of breath as less gas exchange occuring

Question 8

type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 8

gas exchange failure

Question 9

stridor

Answer 9

noise on inspiration

Question 10

dyspnoea

Answer 10

difficulty breathing

Question 11

inhalation method of administration

Answer 11

topical to bronchial tree airway walls

as airflow speed reduces particles drop from air onto walls to be absorbed

Question 12

why are mast cell granulation inhibitors used to treat ventilation issues

Answer 12

mast cell granulation causes bronchoconstriction

Question 13

meter dosed inhaler

Answer 13

classic asthma inhaler

relies on co ordinated disposal of drug and breath to carry it to oropharynx

Question 14

breath activated device

Answer 14

spin and turbo inhalers , drug is picked up as breath moves through device

Question 15

nebuliser

Answer 15

converts medication to a fine mist and drastically improves delivery to airways

Question 16

spacer

Answer 16

used with mdis, dont need to co ordinate breath with drug release

Question 17

B - agonists as a respiratory treatment

Answer 17

Used to treat/ prevent bronchoconstriction

can be short acting or long acting

Question 18

anticholinergics as a respiratory treatment

Answer 18

assist bronchial dilation

grey inhaler

Question 19

corticosteroids as a respiratory treatment

Answer 19

reduce inflammation in bronchial walls , reduce mucosal oedema and reduce mucous secretion
brown inhaler
e.g beclomethasone

Question 20

short acting beta agonists

Answer 20

rapid onset but short duration , used to treat a current episode
blue inhaler e.g salbutamol

Question 21

long acting beta agonists

Answer 21

slow onset but long duration , used as prevention
green inhaler e.g salmeterol
Always used alongside an inhaled corticosteroid