pituitary disease Flashcards
primary vs secondary failure
primary - gland failure
secondary - control failure e.g pituitary
MEN - multiple endocrine neoplasia
glands are all linked via embryological tissue origin therefore a tumour may affect a collection of glands
MEN 2b significance to dentists
multiple endocrine neoplasia 2b has a characteristic feature of mucosal neuromas - small swellings on nerves that often show on the tongue and lips
what depression is the pituitary gland situated in
sella turcica
anterior pituitary
releasing hormones from hypothalamus stimulate it to produce desired hormone
hormones include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, FSH
vascular control from hypothalamus
posterior pituitary
under both vascular and neural control from hypothalamus
contains stores of ADH and oxytocin
what type of tumours are pituitary tumours
adenomas
why might a pituitary tumour result in narrowed vision
only way for pituitary tumours to grow is up and located above is the optic chiasma which is fair visual fields cross
functional adenoma
produces hormone however as an excess of specialised tissue there is also an excess of hormone produced
(will be a specific hormone affected)
non-functional adenoma
tumour formed of tissue with no secreting ability. pressure of tumour on gland will cause lack of hormone release.
insufficient growth hormone in children
results in growth failure
what is measured instead of growth hormone to measure its levels
IGF - 1
tissues which growth hormone has acted on will release this into circulation
IGF also has negative feedback control on pituitary release of GH
excess growth hormone in children
giantism - normal proportions but at excessive scale
excess growth hormone in adults
acromegaly - tissues that grow in apposition enlarge e.g mandible, fingers
intra oral changes of acromegaly
enlarged tongue
reverse overjet
interdental spacingdue to increase of mandible size
‘shrunk’ dentures
