Pharmacology Flashcards
what does a parenteral method of drug administration mean
not oral i.e not via gut usually injection - bypassing skin and mucous membranes
Name 3 advantages of giving patients written instructions
patients remember less when stressed
language issues may prevent proper understanding
contains a contact number if any subsequent issues
linear drug-receptor interaction
50% receptor occupancy = 50% response
non linear drug-receptor interaction
e.g 50% receptor occupancy = 75% response
partial agonist
bind to receptor but don’t produce maximum effects
enteral route of administration
oral i.e via the gut
first pass metabolism
concentration of drug is reduced as it is metabolised when passing through liver before it reaches systemic circulation
what veins from the GIT are not affected by first pass metabolism
sublingual and rectal
advantages of oral administration
socially acceptable
varying drug formulations allowing different durations and onsets
disadvantages of oral administration
relatively slow onset
variable absorption
gastric acid may destroy
first pass metabolism
advantages of IV/IM administration
rapid onset
predictable plasma levels as all drug is absorbed
no first pass metabolism
disadvantages of IV/IM administration
potential for severe allergic reactions
short duration
high cost
not everyone can inject themselves
advantages of transdermal and subcutaneous administration
no first pass metabolism
prolonged action
self medication possible
disadvantages of transdermal and subcutaneous administration
very slow onset
high cost
effects variable e.g site location, volume of fat
subcutaneous administration
injected into tissues of the skin
