Renal

Question 1

haematuria

Answer 1

blood in urine

Question 2

dysuria

Answer 2

pain on passing urine

Question 3

eGFR

Answer 3

estimated glomerular filtration rate

quick and reliable way to check kidney function

Question 4

functions of kidneys

Answer 4

renal excretion 
water/ electrolyte balance 
erythropoietin production 
renin secretion (BP) 
calcium metabolism (bone mass)

Question 5

pre renal cause kidney failure

Answer 5

cause usually a circulation issue

Question 6

renal cause kidney failure

Answer 6

damage to kidney

Question 7

post renal cause kidney failure

Answer 7

outflow obstruction

Question 8

renal vascular disease

Answer 8

circulatory issues to kidneys

usually decreased blood flow that results in an increased BP due to kidneys compensatory mechanism

Question 9

chronic renal failure

Answer 9

kidney = enlarged but decreased function

can be a primary (rare e.g glomerulonephritis) or secondary cause (e.g diabetes / hypertension)

Question 10

dentistry and renal disease

Answer 10

drugs - Avoid NSAIDs , dose may need to be reduced of others
chronic failure in children may see delayed tooth eruption
chronic failure - may see secondary affects of anaemia - ulceration
end stage disease - dry mouth , bleeding tendencies , infections

Question 11

haemodialysis vs peritoneal dialysis

Answer 11

haemodialysis - blood taken out of body and put through a dialysis unit - usually done in hospitals
peritoneal - inner lining of peritoneum acts as dialysis membrane , can be done at home

Question 12

dentistry and renal replacement therapies

Answer 12

haemodialysis ptx - best treatment day = day after procedure
peritoneal dialysis ptx timing not as important
lease with physician before prescribing
transplant ptx may take immunosuppressants which = increased infection and malignancy risks

Question 13

what is the most common bacteria implicated in UTIs

Answer 13

e.coli