respiratory anatomy

Question 1

upper respiratory anatomy?

Answer 1

paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, nose, pharynx

Question 2

lower respiratory anatomy?

Answer 2

larynx, trachea, bronchi, right and left lung

Question 3

function of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

supplies oxygen
removes CO2 
produces sound
circulates air for olfaction
protects and defends against pathogens

Question 4

what is the respiratory mucosa?

Answer 4

respiratory epithelium
known as “mucous escalator”, mucus traps debris, cilia sweep toward pharynx, expel debris.
-mainly pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 5

what is the nose made of?

Answer 5

3 pairs of cartilage and nasal bones

Question 6

vibrissae?

Answer 6

nose hairs. filter air as it enters vestibule, resonating chamber for speech.

Question 7

olfaction of nose

Answer 7

chemorecepters in olfactory mucosa bind to odor molecules

Question 8

nasal conchae?

Answer 8

create swirling air currents (facilitates olfaction)

Question 9

serous cells?

Answer 9

secrete watery fluid

Question 10

goblet cells?

Answer 10

secrete mucus

Question 11

pharynx?

Answer 11

throat..
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 12

nasopharynx?

Answer 12

drains cavity and pharyngotympanic tube

• uvula prevents food from entering nasal cavity
• pharyngeal tonsil

Question 13

oropharynx?

Answer 13

common passage for food and air

-inguinal and palatine tonsil

Question 14

laryngopharynx?

Answer 14

-opening to esophagus and larynx

Question 15

larynx?

Answer 15

“voicebox”

• provides airway continuous with trachea
• houses vocal folds
• 9 cartilages linked by membranes and ligaments, anchored to hyoid.
• elastic and hyaline cartilage

Question 16

epiglottis?

Answer 16

guardian of airway. block glottis, prevents food from entering trachea when swallowing

Question 17

vocal folds?

Answer 17

• ligaments (elastic tissue) that vibrate to produce sound
• glottis (air passes through opening to trachea)
• vestibular folds (false vocal cords), mucous membrane. no sound

Question 18

loudness of sound?

Answer 18

force with which air passes through glottis

Question 19

pitch of sound?

Answer 19

diameter, length, tension of vocal folds

Question 20

why does voice change with puberty?

Answer 20

cartilages enlarge and learn to adjust tension on vocal folds

Question 21

what is the trachea?

Answer 21

the “windpipe” with 16-20 c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage linked by membranes and smooth muscle
-bronchial tree

Question 22

what is the bronchial tree?

Answer 22

branches= bronchi

primary, secondary, and teriary bronchus

Question 23

primary bronchus to?

Answer 23

each lung

Question 24

secondary bronchus to?

Answer 24

each lobe of lung

Question 25

tertiary bronchus to?

Answer 25

each lung segment

Question 26

smallest branches of bronchial tree?

Answer 26

bronchioles, lack cartilage and have smooth muscle

Question 27

sympathetic vs parasympathetic division and bronchi?

Answer 27

``` sympathetic?= smooth muscle relaxes, increases diameter. bronchodilation parasympathetic= smooth muscle contracts, decreases diameter. bronchoconstriction. ```

Question 28

what are the lungs?

Answer 28

bronchioles terminate in respiratory bronchioles which lead to clusters of alveolar ducts and alveoli= lobules

Question 29

lung alveoli?

Answer 29

air sacs. simple squamous epithelium which makes it thin and permeable

Question 30

squamous cells in lung alveoli?

Answer 30

type 1 alveolar cells

Question 31

what are lung alveoli covered in?

Answer 31

web of capillaries and elastic fibers. site of exchange

Question 32

where does gas occur?

Answer 32

across respiratory membrane

Question 33

what does the respiratory membrane consist of?

Answer 33

alveolar epithelium + capillary endothelium + fused basal laminae