lymphatic system

Question 1

what consists of the lymph system?

Answer 1

lymph + lymph vessels + lymph tissue + organs

Question 2

functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

• immune defence (produces, houses, distributes WBCs)
• maintains blood volume (returns interstitial fluid to blood)
• transports dietary lipids (fatty lymph= chyle)

Question 3

what are primary lymphoid tissues and organs?

Answer 3

where lymphocytes form and mature

Question 4

what are secondary lymphoid tissues and organs?

Answer 4

where lymphocytes are activated and cloned

Question 5

lymph is?

Answer 5

derived from interstitial fluid, less protein than plasma

• lots of lymphocytes
• circulates in lymph vessels

Question 6

function of lymph vessels?

Answer 6

collect excess tissue fluid, return it to veins

Question 7

lymphatic capillaries are?

Answer 7

blind ended microscopic vessels throughout the loose connective tissue of the body
-very permeable

Question 8

what are lacteals?

Answer 8

special lymph capillaries that receive digested lipids from intestine

Question 9

lymph collecting vessels?

Answer 9

collect lymph from lymph capillaries, run parallel to blood vessels
-like veins! have valves

Question 10

superficial lymph vessels collect lymph from?

Answer 10

hypodermis and connective tissue under mucous membrane

Question 11

deep lymph vessels?

Answer 11

run parallel to veins and arteries in muscles and organs

Question 12

where do lymph vessels unite?

Answer 12

at lymph trunks which deliver lymph to collecting ducts

Question 13

the two lymph collecting ducts?

Answer 13

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 14

what do the collecting ducts dump into?

Answer 14

jugular and subclavian veins

Question 15

what is the right lymphatic duct collecting?

Answer 15

lymph from right arm and right side of head and read thoracic region

Question 16

what is the thoracic duct collecting?

Answer 16

lymph from the rest of the body

Question 17

how does lymph move

Answer 17

skeletal muscle and respiratory pump

-contraction of smooth muscle

Question 18

as lymph passes through lymph nodes, it is filtered and surveilled by?

Answer 18

immune system before being return to blood

Question 19

what are lymph nodes?

Answer 19

small organs, approx 500 in body clustered

-clustered in axillary, cervical, and inguinal regions

Question 20

functions of the lymph nodes?

Answer 20

• house WBCs (lymphocytes and macrophages)
• filter lymph (remove pathogens, diseased cells)
• activation of specific immune defence cells

Question 21

what is lymphodenopathy?

Answer 21

results from increased number of lymphocytes and monocytes in lymph nodes in response to bacterial and viral infection, or cancer. causes enlargement of lymph nodes.

Question 22

the spleen is a lymph organ.. what is it contained with?

Answer 22

red pulp and white pulp

Question 23

red pulp vs. white pulp

Answer 23

red pulp- many rbcs, macrophages filter old rbcs and pathogens
white pulp- lymphocytes, lymph tissue (immune surveilance and activation of T and B cells, reticular tissue)

Question 24

functions of the spleen?

Answer 24

• remove old platelets and rbcs from circulation
• filter blood, stores platelets, rbcs, wbcs
• immune surveillance
• production of rbcs in developing fetus

Question 25

what is the thymus gland

Answer 25

• located in mediastinum, on top of heart

- no B cells, immature T cells mature here from bone marrow

Question 26

what are the T lymphocytes under the influence in the thymus gland?

Answer 26

thymic epithelial cells and thymic hormones called thymosins

Question 27

thymus gland is also known as (for immune purposes)?

Answer 27

t cell bootcamp! tested before circulation, must learn to recognize your own cells and not target them…
only 2% released and survive

Question 28

what is MALT

Answer 28

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

-houses lymphocytes and associated with mucous membranes (provide protection against pathogens in gut and resp passages)

Question 29

what are the 5 tonsils and where?

Answer 29

palatine- paired in oropharynx
lingual- paired under tongue
pharyngeal- single in the roof of the nasopharynx (adenoid)

Question 30

structure of tonsils? (2)

Answer 30

“crypts” - pits that trap pathogens (can become infection)

lymph follicles house lymphocytes, remove pathogens

Question 31

what are peyers patches?

Answer 31

aggregation of lymphoid follicles in wall of small intestine, protection from bacteria in intestinal lumen

Question 32

what is the appendix?

Answer 32

aggregation of lymph follicles in a pouch near beginning of large intestine, protects from bacteria in intestinal lumen
-may be a bacterial reservoir for repopulating colonic bacteria