Respiratory Agents

Question 1

inflammation of the throat or “sore throat”

Answer 1

Acute Pharyngitis

Question 2

acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose usually accompanying the common cold

Answer 2

Acute Rhinitis

Question 3

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose caused by pollen or a foreign substance, also called “hay fever”

Answer 3

Allergic Rhinitis

Question 4

occurs when there is abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection and inflammation

Answer 4

Bronchiectasis

Question 5

bronchoconstriction that results when the lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response, also called “asthmatic attack”

Answer 5

Bronchospasm

Question 6

progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections…bronchial inflammation & excessive mucous secretion result in airway obsruction

Answer 6

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 7

progressive lung disease caused by cigarette smoking, atmospheric contaminants or lack of alpha-antitrypsin protein that inhibits proteolytic enzymes that destroy alveoli

Answer 7

Emphysema

Question 8

drugs in the corticosteroid familyused to treat respiratory disorders, particularly asthma

Answer 8

Glucocorticoids

Question 9

rebound vasodilation instead of vasoconstriction caused by irritation of the nasal mucosa

Answer 9

Rebound Nasal Congestion

Question 10

a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung

Answer 10

Restrictive Lung Disease

Question 11

inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses

Answer 11

Sinusitis

Question 12

Nursing Interventions for Common Cold Drugs

Answer 12

(1) Monitor vital signs (2) Observe color of secretions (3) Advise patient that hypotension & hyperpyrexia may occur when dextromethorphan is taken with MAOIs (4) Advise patients to read labels on OTC products (5) Encourage older patient to contact provider about OTC drugs (6) Direct patient not to drive when first beginning meds (7) Direct patient to store meds out of reach of children

Question 13

relaxes smooth muscles of bronchi, bronchioles, & pulmonary blood vessels by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, resulting in cAMP, which promotes bronchodilation

Answer 13

Action of Theophylline

Question 14

Side Effects of Theophylline

Answer 14

anorexia, N&V, gastric pain, GI bleed, nervousness, dizziness, HA, iriitability, dysrythmias, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, convulsions, cardiorespiratory collapse

Question 15

Therapeutic Serum Level of Theophylline

Answer 15

10-20 mcg/mL

Question 16

Alpha1 Agonists (Sympathomimetics) Therapeutic Effect

Answer 16

increases cyclic AMP in lung tissue resulting in bronchodilation, restores circulation, and increases airway patency

Question 17

Leukotiene Antagonists Therapeutic Effect

Answer 17

block leukotrienes from interacting with receptors to reduce inflammatory process & decrease bronchoconstriction

Question 18

Glucocorticoids Therapeutic Effect

Answer 18

antiinflammatory effect; used to treat asthma but not for severe attacks

Question 19

Cromolyn Therapeutic Effect

Answer 19

antiinflammatory effect and suppression of the release of histamine; prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma

Question 20

Anticholinergics Therapeutic Effect

Answer 20

dilates bronchioles; administered through aerosol inhaler

Question 21

Mucolytics Therapeutic Effect

Answer 21

liquefies and loosens thick & sticky mucous secretions; adminstered 5 min after bronchodilator (cystic fibrosis)

Question 22

Nursing Assessment for COPD, Asthma & Lung Disease Drugs

Answer 22

respiratory & lung status, breathing effort, cough, sputum, breath sounds, history of acute episodes, O2 sat or ABGs, medications, patient’s home environment

Question 23

Nursing Interventions for COPD, Asthma & Lung Disease Drugs

Answer 23

teach correct use/technique of administration (inhalers), clear airway, force fluids, flu vaccine, STOP SMOKING