Respiratory Agents Flashcards
inflammation of the throat or “sore throat”
Acute Pharyngitis
acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose usually accompanying the common cold
Acute Rhinitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose caused by pollen or a foreign substance, also called “hay fever”
Allergic Rhinitis
occurs when there is abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection and inflammation
Bronchiectasis
bronchoconstriction that results when the lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response, also called “asthmatic attack”
Bronchospasm
progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections…bronchial inflammation & excessive mucous secretion result in airway obsruction
Chronic Bronchitis
progressive lung disease caused by cigarette smoking, atmospheric contaminants or lack of alpha-antitrypsin protein that inhibits proteolytic enzymes that destroy alveoli
Emphysema
drugs in the corticosteroid familyused to treat respiratory disorders, particularly asthma
Glucocorticoids
rebound vasodilation instead of vasoconstriction caused by irritation of the nasal mucosa
Rebound Nasal Congestion
a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung
Restrictive Lung Disease
inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses
Sinusitis
Nursing Interventions for Common Cold Drugs
(1) Monitor vital signs (2) Observe color of secretions (3) Advise patient that hypotension & hyperpyrexia may occur when dextromethorphan is taken with MAOIs (4) Advise patients to read labels on OTC products (5) Encourage older patient to contact provider about OTC drugs (6) Direct patient not to drive when first beginning meds (7) Direct patient to store meds out of reach of children
relaxes smooth muscles of bronchi, bronchioles, & pulmonary blood vessels by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, resulting in cAMP, which promotes bronchodilation
Action of Theophylline
Side Effects of Theophylline
anorexia, N&V, gastric pain, GI bleed, nervousness, dizziness, HA, iriitability, dysrythmias, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, convulsions, cardiorespiratory collapse
Therapeutic Serum Level of Theophylline
10-20 mcg/mL
Alpha1 Agonists (Sympathomimetics) Therapeutic Effect
increases cyclic AMP in lung tissue resulting in bronchodilation, restores circulation, and increases airway patency
Leukotiene Antagonists Therapeutic Effect
block leukotrienes from interacting with receptors to reduce inflammatory process & decrease bronchoconstriction
Glucocorticoids Therapeutic Effect
antiinflammatory effect; used to treat asthma but not for severe attacks
Cromolyn Therapeutic Effect
antiinflammatory effect and suppression of the release of histamine; prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma
Anticholinergics Therapeutic Effect
dilates bronchioles; administered through aerosol inhaler
Mucolytics Therapeutic Effect
liquefies and loosens thick & sticky mucous secretions; adminstered 5 min after bronchodilator (cystic fibrosis)
Nursing Assessment for COPD, Asthma & Lung Disease Drugs
respiratory & lung status, breathing effort, cough, sputum, breath sounds, history of acute episodes, O2 sat or ABGs, medications, patient’s home environment
Nursing Interventions for COPD, Asthma & Lung Disease Drugs
teach correct use/technique of administration (inhalers), clear airway, force fluids, flu vaccine, STOP SMOKING
