GI Agents, Nutrition & Electrolyte Replacement, Herbal Therapy Flashcards
drugs that act by coating the wall of the GI tract and absorbing bacteria or toxins that cause diarrhea (EX: kaolin, pectin, Pepto-Bismol)
Adsorbents
the active ingredients in marijuana approved for clinical use to alleviate nausea & vomiting resulting from cancer treatment
Cannabinoids
drugs used to eliminate fecal matter; “laxative”
Carthartics
cerebral center lying near the medulla that causes vomiting when stimulated
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)
drugs that act as lubricants and stool softeners used to prevent constipation
Emollients
“hyperolmolar laxatives” including salts or saline products, lactulose, and glycerin
Osmotics
“harsh” carthartics that cause water stool with abdominal cramping
Purgatives
drugs that promote ulcer healing by neutralizing hydrochloric acid and reducing pepsin activity; do not coat the ulcer; two types: systemic & nonsystemic
Antacids
thick, viscous, mucous material that provides a barrier between the mucosal lining and acidic gastric secretions; maintains the integrity of the gastric lining and is a defense against corrosive substances
Gastric Mucosal Barrier (GMB)
ulcer frequently occurring because of breakdown of the GMB
Gastric Ulcer
ulcer caused by hypersecretion of acid from the stomach passing into the duodenum because of (1) insufficient buffers to neutralize gastric acid in the stomach (2) defective pyloric sphincter or (3) hypermotility of the stomach
Duodenal Ulcer
inflammation or erosion of the esophageal mucosa caused by a reflux of gastric acid content from the stomach into the esophagus
Gastroesophogeal Reflux Disease (GERD)
popular drugs used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers that block the H2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach, thus reducing gastric acid secretion and concentration (EX: ranitidine, cimetidine, axid)
Histamine2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers)
acid released by the parietal cells of the stomach influenced by histamine, gastrin & acetylcholine
Hydrochloric Acid
broad term used for an ulcer occurring in the esophagus, stomach or duodenum within the upper GI tract
Peptic Ulcer
ulcer resulting from the reflux of acidic gastric secretions into the esophagus as a result of a defective or incompetent cardiac sphincter
Esophageal Ulcer
digestive enzyme activated at a pH of 2
Pepsin
ulcer following a critical situation such as extensive trauma or major surgery (burns, cardiac surgery)
Stress Ulcer
Nonpharmacological Management Techniques for Upper GI Disorders
Lifestyle changes!!!, low-fat food, increased exercise, eliminate alcohol, avoid chocolate, avoid caffeine, elevate HOB on blocks
vitamin required for development & maintenance of healthy eyes, gums, teeth, skin, hair & selected glands…needed for fat metabolism…in fortified milk, butter, eggs, leafy green & yellow veggies & fruits…naturally only in cod, halibut, shark & tuna…deficiency= dry skin, poor tooth development, night blindness
Vitamin A (Retinol)
vitamin that promotes use of sugars (energy) & required for good function of nervous system & heart…in enriched breads/cereals, yeast, liver, pork, fish, milk, lentils, blackstrap molasses…deficiency= sensory disturbances, retarded growth, fatique, anorexia, Wernicke encephalopathy (alcohol abuse)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
vitamin that promotes body’s use of carbs, proteins & fats by releasing energy to cells & required for tissue integrity…in milk, enriched breads/cereals, liver, lean meat, eggs, almonds, wheat germ, soy, leafy green veggies…deficiency= visual defects (blurred vision & photophobia), cheilosis, rash on nose, extremity numbness
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
vitamin important in metabolism, protein synthesis, & formation of RBC…in lean meat, leafy green veggies, whole-grain cereals, yeast, bananas, salmon, soybeans, seeds, nuts, avacados, carrots…deficiency= neuritis, convulsions, dermatitis, anemia, lymphopenia
Vitamin B6 (Pyroxidine)
vitamin that functions as a building block of nucleic acids, forms RBC & facilitates functioning of nervous system…in liver, kidney, fish, milk, eggs, chicken, turkey…deficiency= GI disorders, poor growth, anemias (pernicious anemia) vegetarians
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)