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Pharmacology > Endocrine Drugs & Antidiabetic Agents > Flashcards

Endocrine Drugs & Antidiabetic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

excessive growth after puberty

A

Acromegaly

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2
Q

a decrease in corticosteroid secretion; adrenal sufficiency

A

Addison’s disease

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3
Q

anterior pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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4
Q

glands in the pituitary system consisting of the adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex that produces two types of corticosteroids: glucocorticoids (cortisol) & mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

A

Adrenal Glands

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5
Q

hormone released by the pituitary corticotrophs; which stimulates the release of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) & androgen from the adrenal cortex

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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6
Q

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that promotes water reabsorption from the renal tubules to maintain water balance in body fluids; “vasopressin”

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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7
Q

hormones that promote sodium retention and potassium excretion; a deficiency can result in serious illness or death

A

Corticosteroids

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8
Q

an increase in corticosteroid secretion; also called adrenal hypersecretion

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

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9
Q

a deficiency of ADH which causes large amounts of water to be excreted by the kidneys which can lead to severe fluid volume deficit & electrolyte imbalances

A

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

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10
Q

excessive growth in childhood

A

Gigantism

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11
Q

hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland that affects carbohydrate, protein & fat metabolism, muscle & blood activity; can cause sodium reabsorption from the kidney resulting in water retention, potassium loss and increased BP

A

Glucocorticoids

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12
Q

the most common type of hyperthyroidism caused by hyperfunction of the thyroid gland; characterized by rapid pulse, palpitations, excessive perspiration, heat intolerance, nervousness, irritability, bulging eyes & weight loss; “thyrotoxicosis”

A

Graves’ Disease

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13
Q

an increase in circulating T4 & T3 levels, which usually results from an overactive thyroid gland or excessive output of thyroid hormones from one or more thyroid nodules

A

Hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

the pituitary gland

A

Hypophysis

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15
Q

a decrease in thyroid hormone secretion having either a primary cause (thyroid glad disorder) or a secondary cause (lack of TSH secretion)

A

Hypothyroidism

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16
Q

a type of corticosteroid that secretes aldosterone

A

Mineralocorticoids

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17
Q

the posterior pituitary gland

A

Neurohypophysis

18
Q

a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands which regulates calcium levels in the blood

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

19
Q

hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis in response to thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus which stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (t4) & triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

20
Q

Graves’ disease, the most common type of hyperthyroidism caused by hyperfunction of the thyroid gland

A

Thyrotoxicosis

21
Q

hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate protein synthesis & enzyme activity & stimulate mitochondrial oxidation

A

Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyromine (T3)

22
Q

Hormones Secreted from the Adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary Gland)

A

(1) growth hormone, (2) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), (3) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and (4) gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH))

23
Q

Hormones Secreted from the Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) & Ocytocin

24
Q

Side Effects of Thyroxine Drugs (T4)

A

N&V, anorexia, diarrhea, cramps, tremors, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, headache, weight loss, diaphoresis, amenorrhea

25
Q

Side Effects of Triiodothyronine Drugs (T3)

A

cardiac side effects

26
Q

occurs when more insulin is administered than needed for glucose metabolism

A

Hypoglycemic Reaction

27
Q

occurs when there is an inadequate amount of insulin & sugar cannot be metabolized, so fat catabolism occurs…the use of fatty acids for energy results

A

Ketoacidosis

28
Q

synthetic preparations that stimulate insulin release or otherwise alter the metabolic response to hyperglycemia

A

Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs or Oral Antidiabetic Drugs

29
Q

increased thirst

A

Polydipsia

30
Q

increased urine output

A

Polyuria

31
Q

increased hunger

A

Polyphagia

32
Q

type of diabetes caused by viral infection, environmental conditions and genetic factors

A

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

33
Q

type of diabetes caused by heredity and obesity

A

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

34
Q

Symptoms of Hypoglycemic Reaction

A

nervousness, trembling, lack of coordination, cold/clammy skin, headache, combativeness, incoherence

35
Q

Rapid-Acting Insulins

A

clear solution without any added substance to prolong insulin action…lispro (Humalog) & human insulin aspart (NovoLog)

36
Q

Intermediate-Acting Insulin

A

cloudy solution that contains protamine, a protein that prolongs the action of insulin or zinc, which slows the onset of insulin action (pt. needs several injections per day)…neutral-protamine (NPH), Lente, Humulin N

37
Q

Long-Acting Insulin

A

clear solution that is given one time per day…Lantus, Levemir

38
Q

Side Effects of Oral Antidiabetics

A

hypoglycemia (headache, nervousness, sweating, tremors, rapid pulse), visual disturbances, gastric upset

39
Q

drug that increases blood sugar within 10 min. to treat insulin-induced hypoglycemic reactions

A

Glucagon

40
Q

drugs that increase tissue response to insulin & decrease glucose production by the liver

A

Oral Antidiabetic Drugs

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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