Endocrine Drugs & Antidiabetic Agents Flashcards
excessive growth after puberty
Acromegaly
a decrease in corticosteroid secretion; adrenal sufficiency
Addison’s disease
anterior pituitary gland
Adenohypophysis
glands in the pituitary system consisting of the adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex that produces two types of corticosteroids: glucocorticoids (cortisol) & mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Adrenal Glands
hormone released by the pituitary corticotrophs; which stimulates the release of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) & androgen from the adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that promotes water reabsorption from the renal tubules to maintain water balance in body fluids; “vasopressin”
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
hormones that promote sodium retention and potassium excretion; a deficiency can result in serious illness or death
Corticosteroids
an increase in corticosteroid secretion; also called adrenal hypersecretion
Cushing’s Syndrome
a deficiency of ADH which causes large amounts of water to be excreted by the kidneys which can lead to severe fluid volume deficit & electrolyte imbalances
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
excessive growth in childhood
Gigantism
hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland that affects carbohydrate, protein & fat metabolism, muscle & blood activity; can cause sodium reabsorption from the kidney resulting in water retention, potassium loss and increased BP
Glucocorticoids
the most common type of hyperthyroidism caused by hyperfunction of the thyroid gland; characterized by rapid pulse, palpitations, excessive perspiration, heat intolerance, nervousness, irritability, bulging eyes & weight loss; “thyrotoxicosis”
Graves’ Disease
an increase in circulating T4 & T3 levels, which usually results from an overactive thyroid gland or excessive output of thyroid hormones from one or more thyroid nodules
Hyperthyroidism
the pituitary gland
Hypophysis
a decrease in thyroid hormone secretion having either a primary cause (thyroid glad disorder) or a secondary cause (lack of TSH secretion)
Hypothyroidism
a type of corticosteroid that secretes aldosterone
Mineralocorticoids
the posterior pituitary gland
Neurohypophysis
a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands which regulates calcium levels in the blood
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis in response to thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus which stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (t4) & triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Graves’ disease, the most common type of hyperthyroidism caused by hyperfunction of the thyroid gland
Thyrotoxicosis
hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate protein synthesis & enzyme activity & stimulate mitochondrial oxidation
Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyromine (T3)
Hormones Secreted from the Adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
(1) growth hormone, (2) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), (3) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and (4) gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH))
Hormones Secreted from the Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) & Ocytocin
Side Effects of Thyroxine Drugs (T4)
N&V, anorexia, diarrhea, cramps, tremors, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, headache, weight loss, diaphoresis, amenorrhea