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Pharmacology > Drugs for Neurologic Disorders > Flashcards

Drugs for Neurologic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

drugs used for epileptic seizures; “antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)”

A

Anticonvulsants

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2
Q

seizure characterized by sustained muscle contraction

A

Tonic Seizure

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3
Q

seizure characterized by dysrythmic muscle contraction

A

Clonic Seizure

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4
Q

a diagnostic test used to diagnose epilepsy; records abnormal electric discharges of the cerebral cortex

A

electroencephalogram (EEG)

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5
Q

overgrowth of the gum tissues or reddened gums that bleed easily

A

gingival hyperplasia

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6
Q

the most common form of seizure in which the muscles contract or tighten in a spasm lasting 3-5 seconds then start dysrythmic contractions or jerkiness of limbs for 2-4 minutes

A

Grand Mal Seizure

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7
Q

a rapid succession of epileptic seizures

A

Status Epilepticus

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8
Q

brief loss of consciousness lasting less than 10 seconds with fewer than 3 spikes on the EEG ; usually occurs in children

A

Petit Mal Seizure

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9
Q

medication used to treat Alzheimer’s disease symptoms: tacrine, donezepril, rivastigmine, & galantamine

A

Acetylcholinesterase (AChe) Inhibitor

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10
Q

slow movement

A

Bradykinesia

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11
Q

drugs that stimulate dopamine receptors

A

Dopamine Agonists

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12
Q

impaired voluntary movement

A

Dyskinesia

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13
Q

involuntary abnormal movement

A

Dystonic Movement

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14
Q

disease marked by involuntary tremors of the limbs, rigidity of the muscles & slowness of movement; gradual onset generally affecting persons over 50 years of age

A

Parkinsonism

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15
Q

disease frequently occurring as an adverse reaction to antipsychotic drugs mimicking parkinsonism

A

Pseudoparkinsonism

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16
Q

acute exacerbation of symptoms of myasthenia gravis

A

Cholinergic Crisis

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17
Q

neuromuscular disorder that attacks the myelin sheath of nerve fibers, causing lesions known as plaques

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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18
Q

drugs that reduce the spasticity of muscles

A

Muscle Relaxants

19
Q

a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that affects approximately 14 in 100,000 persons…muscular weakness & fatigue, respiratory muscle paralysis, ptosis, difficultly chewing/swallowing…lack of ACh reaching cholinergic receptors…treated w/ AChE Inhibitors

A

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

20
Q

severe generalized muscle weakness that may involve the muscles of respiration

A

Myasthenia Crisis

21
Q

anticonvulsant (AED) that inhibits sodium inlfux (phenytoin)

A

Hydantoins

22
Q

G.U.M.S.= Nursing Interventions for Anticonvulsants

A

nursing interventions for anticonvulsants…G= gingival hyperplasia, U= use alternate birth control, M= mouth care, S= don’t stop abruptly

23
Q

Nursing Interventions for Dopaminergic Agent Administration

A

monitor vital signs & EEG, monitor orthostatic hypotension, observe for weakness, dizziness or syncope; administer with low protein foods, observe for symptoms of parkinsonism

24
Q

Patient Teaching for Dopaminergic Agent Administration

A

urge pt. not to stop abruptly, advise urine may be discolored, advise not to crush or chew ER tablets, encourage pt. to report side effects, advise that food will slow absorption rate, urge pt. who takes selegiline to avoid foods high in tyramine (hypertension), urge pt. taking amantadine to report skin lesions, seizures or depression; advise pt. taking bromocriptine to report lightheadedness, warn pt. to avoid alcohol when taking bromocriptine, teach pt. to check HR

25
Q

Nursing Interventions for Anticholinergic Agents Administration

A

monitor vital signs, urine output & bowel sounds; observe for involuntary movements

26
Q

Patient Teaching for Anticholinergic Agents Administration

A

advise pt. to avoid alcohol, cigarettes, caffeine & aspirin; encourage pt. to relieve dry mouth; suggest sunglasses & sunscreen; advise pt. to void before taking the drug; encourage pt. to have routine eye exams, encourage pt. to eat high fiber foods & increase fluid intake

27
Q

Nursing Interventions for Rivastigmine Administration

A

maintain consistency in care, assist pt. in ambulation, monitor for side effects, record vital signs, observe for behavioral changes

28
Q

Patient Teaching for Rivastigmine Administration

A

explain purpose of drug, clarify time for dosing, teach family about safety techniques, inform family of support groups, advise pt. to rise slowly, monitor LFTs, inform family about food preparation for tolerance

29
Q

to relieve muscular spasms & pain associated with traumatic injuries & spasticity from chronic debilitating disorders (MS, stroke, cerebral palsy, head & spinal cord injuries)

A

Indications for Muscle Relaxants

30
Q

Nursing Interventions for Muscle Relaxant Administration

A

monitor serum liver enzyme levels of pt. taking dantolene & carisoprodol, record vital signs, observe for CNS effects,

31
Q

Patient Teaching for Muscle Relaxant Administration

A

teach pt. not to stop abruptly, advise pt. not to drive/operate machinery, inform pt. that drugs are usually not taken longer than 3 weeks, teach pt. to avoid alcohol, advise pt. to use cautiously with pregnancy, encourage pt. to report side effects: N&V, dizziness, fainting, headache, diplopia; advise pt. to take with food

32
Q

Three Ways Anticonvulsants Work

A

(1) suppressing Na+ influx= Hydantoins (2) suppressing Ca+ influx= Succinamides (3) increasing action of GABA= Barbituates

33
Q

Nonpharmcological Treatments for Parkinsonism

A

exercise, nutritional diet, support groups

34
Q

Parkinsonism Medications

A

Anticholinergics, Dopaminergics, Dopamine Agonists, MAO-B inhibitor, COMT inhibitor

35
Q

1st group of drugs for Parkinson’s (drug induced)…inhibits release of ACh…decreases tremors…start w/ low dosages then gradually increase…contraindicated in pt. w/ memory loss/dementia, glaucoma, GU obstruction, BPH

A

Anticholinergics as Parkinson’s Drug (benztropine, biperiden, trihexyphenidyl, Benadryl)

36
Q

drugs that decreases symptoms of Parkinson’s…carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor, permits more levodopa to reach striatum nerve terminals where it’s converted to dopamine

A

Dopaminergics

37
Q

drugs for Parkinson’s…selegiline- inhibits catabolic enzymes of dopamine to extend action of dopamine (early treatment of Parkinson’s)…rasagiline- inhibits breakdown of dopamine at synapses in brain, allows neurons to reabsorb more dopamine for use later

A

MAO-B Inhibitor

38
Q

drug that inhibits COMT enzyme increasing concentration of levodopa (used in combo w/ carbidopa-levodopa)

A

COMT Inhibitor

39
Q

Side Effects of Anticholinergics

A

red as a beet, dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, can’t see can’t pee, can’t spit can’t shit, N&V, postural hypotension

40
Q

Side Effects of Dopaminergics

A

GI upset, dyskinesias, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac dysrythmias, psychosis, agranulocytosis (low WBC)

41
Q

tacrine (Cognex), donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne), memantine (Namenda XR)

A

ACh Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease

42
Q

Drugs for Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

A

ultrashort-acting= Tensilon, short-acting= Prostigmin, intermediate-acting= Mestinon, long-acting= Mytelase

43
Q

Side Effect of AChE Inhibitors for MG

A

GI disturbances, increased salivation, increased tearing, miosis, blurred vision, bradycardia & hypotension

44
Q

disease characterized by weakness or spasticity in extremeties & double vision (diplopia)

A

Multiple Sclerosis

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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