Cardiovascular Agents

Question 1

condition of acute cardiac pain caused by inadequate blood flow to the myocardium due to either plaque occlusions within or spasms of the coronary arteries

Answer 1

Angina Pectoris

Question 2

cardiac dysrythmia with rapid uncoordinated contractions of atrial myocardium

Answer 2

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 3

cardiac dysrythmia with rapid contractions of 200 to 300 BPM

Answer 3

Atrial Flutter

Question 4

any deviation from the normal rate or pattern of the heartbeat

Answer 4

Cardiac Dysrhythmia (Arrhythmia)

Question 5

action that decreases heart rate

Answer 5

Chronotropic Action

Question 6

action that increases heart rate

Answer 6

Dromotropic Action

Question 7

a condition in which the compensatory mechanisms of heartbeat fail and the peripheral and lung tissues are congested

Answer 7

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Question 8

action that increases myocardial contraction stroke volume

Answer 8

Inotropic Action

Question 9

amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole

Answer 9

Preload

Question 10

peripheral vascular resistance

Answer 10

Afterload

Question 11

return of cell membrane potential to resting after depolarization

Answer 11

Repolarization

Question 12

Therapeutic Serum Level for Digoxin

Answer 12

0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL

Question 13

urine output

Answer 13

Diuresis

Question 14

excess calcium

Answer 14

Hypercalcemia

Question 15

serum potassium excess

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia

Question 16

elevated serum uric acid level

Answer 16

Hyperuricemia

Question 17

sodium loss in the urine

Answer 17

Natiuresis

Question 18

sodium-losing

Answer 18

Natiuretic

Question 19

marked decrease in urine output

Answer 19

Oligouria

Question 20

concentration

Answer 20

Osmolality

Question 21

sodium-chloride losing

Answer 21

Saluretic

Question 22

drug that inhibits the post-ganglionic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

Sympatholytics

Question 23

Stepped-Care Hypertension Approach

Answer 23

(1) Modify lifestyle (2) Diuretic or beta-blocker (3) Increase drug dose or add 2nd med from diff class (4) Add 2nd or 3rd drug or diuretic

Question 24

Signs & Symptoms of Digitalis Toxicity

Answer 24

confusion, delirium, anorexia, diarrhea, N&V, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, premature ventricular contractions, visual disturabances (cardiotoxicity)

Question 25

Five Categories of Diuretics

Answer 25

(1) Thiazides (2) loop diuretic (3) osmotic (4) Carbonic Anhydrase (4) Potassium Sparing

Question 26

Categories of Antihypertensives

Answer 26

(1) diuretics (2) sympatholytics (3) direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators (4) ACE inhibitors (5) angiotension II receptor blockers (ARBs) (6) calcium channel blockers