Ch. 1, 2 & 4 - Drug Action, Interaction, Regulation Flashcards
Dissolution
Dissolving of smaller particles in GI fluid before absorption
Pharmaceutical Phase
Drug becomes a solution through disintegration & dissolution in order to cross biologic membrane
Disintegration
Breakdown of tablet into smaller particles
Pharmacokinetics
Process of drug movement to achieve drug action
Absorption
Movement of drug particles from GI tract to body fluids
Absorption
Movement of drug particles from GI tract to body fluids…the primary factor affecting drug bioavailability…
Active Absorption
Type of absorption that requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move drug against concentration gradient Requires energy
Pinocytosis
Type of absorption by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles
First Pass Effect
Process by which the drug passes to the liver first AKA Hepatic First Pass
Bioavailability
Subcategory of absorption Percentage of the drug dose that reaches systemic circulation
Protein Binding Effect
A portion of a drug is bound to protein making it inactive & not available to receptors
Distribution
Process by which a drug becomes available to body fluids & tissues…influenced by blood flow, drug’s affinity to tissue & the protein binding effect…many drugs travel in blood stream via proteins (albumin, globulins)
Free Drug
A portion of a drug that remains unbound to protein making it active & able to cause a pharmacological response
Half life
Time is takes for half of the drug concentration to be eliminated
Metabolism
Process by which the body inactivates drugs or biotransforms drugs…liver is primary site for this
Excretion
Process by which the body eliminates drugs Main route is the kidneys (urine)
Pharmacodynamics
The study of the way drugs affect the body
Dose Response
Relationship between minimal versus the maximal amount of drug dose needed to produce result
Maximal Efficacy
Maximum drug effect
Peak of Action
Occurs when drug reaches it’s highest blood or plasma concentration
Onset of Action
Time it takes to reach minimum effective concentration (MEC) after drug is administered…the period of time between drug administration and the first indication the drug was effective
Duration of Action
Length of time the drug has a pharmacological effect
Time Response Curve
Chart that evaluates the 3 parameters of drug action: onset, peak & duration
Receptor Theory
The activity of many drugs is determined by the ability of the drug to bind to a specific receptor The better it fits at the receptor site, the more biologically active the drug is