Antiinflammatory Drugs & Immunologic Agents

Question 1

amount of granular WBC responsible for much of the body’s protection against infection…dosing of G-CSF depends on the calculation of this

Answer 1

Absolute Neutrophil County (ANC)

Question 2

occurs as a part of the human immune response, which is activated when a pathogen invades the body (EX: already having a cold)

Answer 2

Active Immunity

Question 3

occurs from exposure to an antigen or from passive injection of immunoglobulins (EX: vaccine)

Answer 3

Acquired Immunity

Question 4

a serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction

Answer 4

Anaphylaxis

Question 5

infection fighting cells, also called immunoglobulins, released when the body recognizes a pathogen

Answer 5

Antibodies

Question 6

small amount of a virus or bacteria that is capable of producing an immune response introduced to the body through vaccination

Answer 6

Antigen

Question 7

group of drugs used to treat HIV including referse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, entry (fusion) inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists & integrase inhibitors

Answer 7

Antiretroviral Medications

Question 8

live, weakened microorganisms

Answer 8

Attenuated Viruses

Question 9

cells counted in lab tests to determine HIV treatment…stable reflection of the immune system used in conjunction with the absolute count to monitor health status and response to medication therapy

Answer 9

CD4+ T cells

Question 10

proteins that stimulate or regulate the growth, maturation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells…manufactured through recombinant DNA techniques

Answer 10

Colony-Stimulating Factors

Question 11

newer vaccines requiring a protein or toxoid from an unrelated organism to link the outer coat of the disease-causing microorganism…the linkage creates a substance that can be recognized by the immature immune system of a young infants (EX: flu type B)

Answer 11

Conjugate Vaccine

Question 12

inactivated toxins…the harmful disease-causing substance produced by some microorganisms

Answer 12

Toxoid

Question 13

glycoprotein produced by the kidney that stimulates RBC production in response to hypoxia (decreased O2 to body tissues

Answer 13

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 14

drug that stimulates erythropoietins (EPOs)

Answer 14

Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agent

Question 15

inflammatory condition that attacks joints, tendons and other tissues characterized by a uric acid metabolism disorder and defect in purine metabolism which results in an increase in urates and accumulation of uric acid or an ineffective uric acid clearance by the kidneys

Answer 15

Gout

Question 16

current treatment recommendation for HIV that is a combination antiretroviral therapy requiring the use of at least two, maybe three active drugs from two or more classes

Answer 16

highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Question 17

a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used as cancer suppressing agents (EX: Imuran, Cytoxan, methotrexate)

Answer 17

Immunosuppressives

Question 18

a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used as interleukin receptor agonists (IL-1) (EX: Kineret) and tumor necrosis factor blockers (TNF) (EX: Enbrel, Remicade, Humira, Arava, Xeljanz)

Answer 18

Immunomodulators

Question 19

family of naturally occuring proteins within the immune system: alpha, beta and gamma…all three can be manufactured using recombinant DNA technology…replication of viral DNA

Answer 19

Interferons (IFNs)

Question 20

group of proteins produced by the body’s WBC- the lymphocytes…sometimes called lymphokines and found to have antitumor activities (Proleukin)

Answer 20

Interleukins

Question 21

another name for Interleukins

Answer 21

Lymphokines

Question 22

suppression of bone marrow activity

Answer 22

Myelosuppression

Question 23

active immunity which is genetically determined (EX: dogs immune to measles)

Answer 23

Natural Immunity

Question 24

occurs when an individual received antibodies against a particular pathogen from another source (EX: newborns receive immunity from mother)

Answer 24

Passive Immunity

Question 25

chemical mediators that are released during the inflammatory process which vasodilate, relax smooth muscle, increase capillary permeability, and sensitize nerve cells to pain

Answer 25

Prostaglandins

Question 26

HIV enzyme that cuts the long chains of HIV proteins into smaller individual proteins

Answer 26

Protease

Question 27

drugs that inhibit (in combination with others) the activity of protease, resulting in formation and release of immature, defective and noninfectious HIV particles (EX: Kaletra, Reyataz, Lexiva, Aptivus, Prezista, Invirase, Crixivan, Norvir, Viracept

Answer 27

Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

Question 28

vaccine that involves the insertion of some of the genetic material of a pathogen into another cell or organism, where the antigen is then produced in massive quantities…then, those antigens are used as a vaccine in place of the whole pathogen (EX: Hep B)

Answer 28

Recombinant Subunit Vaccine

Question 29

decreased number of thrombocytes in the blood occuring in cancer patients as a side effect to Interferon therapy

Answer 29

Thrombocytopenia

Question 30

HIV enzyme that converts single-stranded HIV RNA to double-stranded HIV DNA

Answer 30

Reverse Transcriptase (RT)

Question 31

drugs that are divided into nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NRTI) (interfere with HIV viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibiting the viral replication) and non-nucleoside analogues (NNRTI) (prevent viral replication by competing with binding of the reverse transcriptase enzyme at the active site)

Answer 31

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Question 32

acquisition of detectable levels of antibodies in the bloodstream

Answer 32

Seroconversion

Question 33

anti-gout drugs that increase the rate of uric acid excretion by inhibiting its reabsorption…used for chronic gout NOT acute attacks

Answer 33

Uricosurics

Question 34

a plasma HIV RNA quantitative assay

Answer 34

Viral Load (VL) Test

Question 35

institution specific service available to all healthcare employees to prophylatically vaccinate if exposed to HIV

Answer 35

Postexposure Prophylaxis

Question 36

Priority Nursing Interventions for Antietrovial Therapy

Answer 36

(1) Monitor lab studies for decreasing CD4 counts and/or rising viral load (2) Explain how HIV damages the immune system (3) Emphasize protective precautions to prevent exposure to infections (4) Advise patient about ways to avoid URI & flu (5) Provide info to pregnant women about reducing risk of HIV transmission to child (6) Advise patient certain OTC products & herbs can interact with drugs

Question 37

Currently Available Vaccines

Answer 37

Adenovirus, Anthrax, Cholera, Diptheria, Flu Type B, Hep A & B, HPV, Flu, Japanese Encephalitis, Lyme Dx, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Meningitis, Pneumonia, Polio, Rabies, Tetanus, TB, Typhoid, Varicella, Yellow Fever, Zoster

Question 38

Priority Nursing Interventions for Vaccines

Answer 38

(1) Assess for allergies, recent illness, people in household (2) Record manufacturer, lot # & exp. date

Question 39

Functions of Biologic Response Modifiers (BRMs)

Answer 39

(1) Enhance host immunologic functions (2) Destroy/interfere with tumor activity (3) Promote differentiation of stem cells

Question 40

Patient Populations Benefiting from BRMs

Answer 40

cancer patients, multiple sclerosis patients, chronic granulamatous disease patients

Question 41

Major Side Effects of Biologic Response Modifiers

Answer 41

flu-like syndrome, N/V/D, reversible neurological symptoms, depression

Question 42

Priority Nursing Interventions for BRMs

Answer 42

(1) Monitor temp at onset of chills (2) Push fluids (2 L/day) (3) Encourage patient to rest when tired (4) Administer at bedtime (5) Instruct women to use contraceptives during therapy (6) Explain that herbal products are not recommended

Question 43

Ususal Side Effects of Vaccines

Answer 43

pain, redness and swelling at injection site