Respiratory Flashcards
What are signs and symptoms of asthma?
Difficulty speaking in full sentences, use of accessory muscles, hyper resonance
When is a short dose of oral systemic corticosteroids considered?
In both moderate and severe persistent asthma
When stepping up the treatment what is the preferred combination medication therapy in asthma?
Long-acting beta and allergic agonists (LABA) with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
Three hallmark symptoms of pneumonia?
Shaking chills, purulent sputum, lung consolidation
What is the typical recommendation for intermittent asthma?
A short acting beta agonist (SABA) PRN
Is bronchiolitis obstructive or restrictive?
Obstructive
What is the other name for whooping cough?
Pertussis
Classify the severity of this asthma: two days per week of symptoms two times per month of night time awakenings two days per week using a rescue inhaler no interference with normal activity and an FEV greater than 80%.
Intermittent asthma
What are the four antibiotics most often used to treat pneumonia called, depending on the infecting organism?
Penicillin, macrolides, amoxicillin, or cephalosporins
What symptom is present in the newborn with cystic fibrosis?
Viscid meconium or a meconium ileus
What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia in newborns?
Group b strep, chlamydia, E coli
List a inhaled corticosteroid example
Salmeterol
What aspect of the pathophysiology of asthma causes remodeling?
Thickening of epithelial basement membranes
What pneumonia causing bacteria pathogens cause patchy infiltrates?
E coli, staphylococcus, pseudomonas
What is there some other signs or symptoms of cystic fibrosis in children?
Salt tasting skin, hepatosplenomegaly, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, failure to thrive, infertility
What are some signs or symptoms of bronchiolitis?
tachypnea, wheezing, respiratory distress, cyanosis
What virus is responsible for 50% of all bronchiolitis?
RSV
What is the management of pertussis?
Antibiotics such as azithromycin, small frequent meals and frequent fluids
What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia in preschool and young adulthood?
Strep pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia
Are the common allergens affecting asthma found indoors or outdoors?
Indoors such as dust mites, pets, cockroaches, cigarette smoke
A mutation on what gene causes cystic fibrosis?
Chromosome 7
What are the criteria for those who should receive palivizumab?
Less than 2 years of age with chronic lung disease and treated within 6 months of RSV season; premature infant (<32 weeks) during the first year of life; infants between 32 to 35 weeks if risk factors are present
What is the late stage of pertussis characterized by?
Paroxysms followed by a woop sound as well as vomiting and exhaustion
classify this asthma: daily symptoms, nighttime awakenings more than once per week but not nightly, rescue inhaler use daily, some interference with normal activity, and an FEV 60 to 80%
Moderate persistent
What is pilocarpine iontophoresis?
Sweat test
Classified this asthma colon symptoms throughout the day, nightly night time awakenings, rescue inhaler use several times per day, extreme interference with normal activity and an FUV less than 60%.
Severe persistent
What is the medication recommendation for mild persistent asthma?
Low dose inhaled corticosteroid with a SABA PRN
What three bacterial pathogens cause lobar pneumonia?
H influenza, s pneumonia, klebsiella
When changing asthma medications how often should the child be seen in the office?
Every two weeks until under control and then every four weeks
What physical exam finding represents consolidation in the lungs?
Egophony
What type of preconditions are characterized by reduced volumes and expiry flow rates, typical of a child that is trouble inhaling air that’s affecting the volume?
Restrictive disease
List a LABA example.
Fluticasone, budesonide, salmeterol
What are some possible laboratory changes with asthma?
Slight WBC elevation with eosinophilia
Define egophony.
voiced E becomes A upon auscultation
What are the three characteristics of cystic fibrosis?
Recurrent endo bronchial infections, progressive obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency with intestinal malabsorption
How long does asthma need to be under control before reducing medications?
3 months
Classify this asthma: greater than 2 days per week with symptoms, nighttime awakenings 3 to 4 per month, rescue inhaler use greater than 2 days per week but not daily, minor interference with normal activity, and an FEV greater than 80%
Mild persistent
What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia in the immunocompromised or malnourished?
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or fungi
What pathogen causes pertussis?
Bordetella pertussis
What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia in infants and young children?
Rsv, h influenza, strep pneumonia
What is a concerning early symptoms of infants with pertussis?
Apnea
What is the term for the stools of people with cystic fibrosis and describe their stools?
Large, liquid, bulky, foul stools called steatorrhea
What are the two types of pulmonary conditions?
Obstructive disease and restrictive disease
What are some ominous signs of asthma attacks?
Absent breath sounds, inability to maintain recumbency, sinuses
What is FEV1?
The amount of air you can force from your lungs in one second, it is measured during PFTs
What pulmonary condition is characterized by reduced airflow rates, lung volumes with a normal range or larger, difficulty with exhalation resulting in decreased rates and FEV1?
Obstructive disease, in but not out
List a SABA example
Albuterol
What is the one classification of asthma that typically does not need inhaled corticosteroids?
Intermittent asthma
What is the diet for cystic fibrosis?
High protein high fat
