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CPNP > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are signs and symptoms of asthma?

A

Difficulty speaking in full sentences, use of accessory muscles, hyper resonance

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2
Q

When is a short dose of oral systemic corticosteroids considered?

A

In both moderate and severe persistent asthma

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3
Q

When stepping up the treatment what is the preferred combination medication therapy in asthma?

A

Long-acting beta and allergic agonists (LABA) with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)

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4
Q

Three hallmark symptoms of pneumonia?

A

Shaking chills, purulent sputum, lung consolidation

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5
Q

What is the typical recommendation for intermittent asthma?

A

A short acting beta agonist (SABA) PRN

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6
Q

Is bronchiolitis obstructive or restrictive?

A

Obstructive

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7
Q

What is the other name for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

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8
Q

Classify the severity of this asthma: two days per week of symptoms two times per month of night time awakenings two days per week using a rescue inhaler no interference with normal activity and an FEV greater than 80%.

A

Intermittent asthma

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9
Q

What are the four antibiotics most often used to treat pneumonia called, depending on the infecting organism?

A

Penicillin, macrolides, amoxicillin, or cephalosporins

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10
Q

What symptom is present in the newborn with cystic fibrosis?

A

Viscid meconium or a meconium ileus

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11
Q

What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia in newborns?

A

Group b strep, chlamydia, E coli

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12
Q

List a inhaled corticosteroid example

A

Salmeterol

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13
Q

What aspect of the pathophysiology of asthma causes remodeling?

A

Thickening of epithelial basement membranes

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14
Q

What pneumonia causing bacteria pathogens cause patchy infiltrates?

A

E coli, staphylococcus, pseudomonas

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15
Q

What is there some other signs or symptoms of cystic fibrosis in children?

A

Salt tasting skin, hepatosplenomegaly, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, failure to thrive, infertility

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16
Q

What are some signs or symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

tachypnea, wheezing, respiratory distress, cyanosis

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17
Q

What virus is responsible for 50% of all bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

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18
Q

What is the management of pertussis?

A

Antibiotics such as azithromycin, small frequent meals and frequent fluids

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19
Q

What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia in preschool and young adulthood?

A

Strep pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia

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20
Q

Are the common allergens affecting asthma found indoors or outdoors?

A

Indoors such as dust mites, pets, cockroaches, cigarette smoke

21
Q

A mutation on what gene causes cystic fibrosis?

A

Chromosome 7

22
Q

What are the criteria for those who should receive palivizumab?

A

Less than 2 years of age with chronic lung disease and treated within 6 months of RSV season; premature infant (<32 weeks) during the first year of life; infants between 32 to 35 weeks if risk factors are present

23
Q

What is the late stage of pertussis characterized by?

A

Paroxysms followed by a woop sound as well as vomiting and exhaustion

24
Q

classify this asthma: daily symptoms, nighttime awakenings more than once per week but not nightly, rescue inhaler use daily, some interference with normal activity, and an FEV 60 to 80%

A

Moderate persistent

25
Q

What is pilocarpine iontophoresis?

A

Sweat test

26
Q

Classified this asthma colon symptoms throughout the day, nightly night time awakenings, rescue inhaler use several times per day, extreme interference with normal activity and an FUV less than 60%.

A

Severe persistent

27
Q

What is the medication recommendation for mild persistent asthma?

A

Low dose inhaled corticosteroid with a SABA PRN

28
Q

What three bacterial pathogens cause lobar pneumonia?

A

H influenza, s pneumonia, klebsiella

29
Q

When changing asthma medications how often should the child be seen in the office?

A

Every two weeks until under control and then every four weeks

30
Q

What physical exam finding represents consolidation in the lungs?

A

Egophony

31
Q

What type of preconditions are characterized by reduced volumes and expiry flow rates, typical of a child that is trouble inhaling air that’s affecting the volume?

A

Restrictive disease

32
Q

List a LABA example.

A

Fluticasone, budesonide, salmeterol

33
Q

What are some possible laboratory changes with asthma?

A

Slight WBC elevation with eosinophilia

34
Q

Define egophony.

A

voiced E becomes A upon auscultation

35
Q

What are the three characteristics of cystic fibrosis?

A

Recurrent endo bronchial infections, progressive obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency with intestinal malabsorption

36
Q

How long does asthma need to be under control before reducing medications?

A

3 months

37
Q

Classify this asthma: greater than 2 days per week with symptoms, nighttime awakenings 3 to 4 per month, rescue inhaler use greater than 2 days per week but not daily, minor interference with normal activity, and an FEV greater than 80%

A

Mild persistent

38
Q

What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia in the immunocompromised or malnourished?

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or fungi

39
Q

What pathogen causes pertussis?

A

Bordetella pertussis

40
Q

What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia in infants and young children?

A

Rsv, h influenza, strep pneumonia

41
Q

What is a concerning early symptoms of infants with pertussis?

A

Apnea

42
Q

What is the term for the stools of people with cystic fibrosis and describe their stools?

A

Large, liquid, bulky, foul stools called steatorrhea

43
Q

What are the two types of pulmonary conditions?

A

Obstructive disease and restrictive disease

44
Q

What are some ominous signs of asthma attacks?

A

Absent breath sounds, inability to maintain recumbency, sinuses

45
Q

What is FEV1?

A

The amount of air you can force from your lungs in one second, it is measured during PFTs

46
Q

What pulmonary condition is characterized by reduced airflow rates, lung volumes with a normal range or larger, difficulty with exhalation resulting in decreased rates and FEV1?

A

Obstructive disease, in but not out

47
Q

List a SABA example

A

Albuterol

48
Q

What is the one classification of asthma that typically does not need inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Intermittent asthma

49
Q

What is the diet for cystic fibrosis?

A

High protein high fat

CPNP (15 decks)

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