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CPNP > EENT > Flashcards

EENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antibiotic for streptococcal throat infections?

A

Penicillin VK 250 mg orally TID * 10 days

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2
Q

What is the steeple sign?

A

A narrowing of the trachea seen on an x-ray of a child with croup

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3
Q

What causes middle ear effusions?

A

Blocked eustachian tubes, allergies

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4
Q

What strabismus directionalities require immediate referral to ophthalmology? What other characteristic needs to be referred?

A

Hypertropia and hypotropia as they are more related to tumors, fixed in one direction

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5
Q

What is otitis externa commonly referred as?

A

Swimmer’s ear

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6
Q

What bacteria typically causes hordeolum?

A

Staphylococcal bacteria

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7
Q

What is the treatment for conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia?

A

Erythromycin ointment

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8
Q

What are some unique signs and symptoms of a strep infection?

A

Scarlet fever with sandpaper like rash, anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and fever

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9
Q

What is the typical age range of sinusitis?

A

Typically greater than 9 years of age

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10
Q

When is croup most common?

A

In toddlers during the fall and winter

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11
Q

What is the thumb sign?

A

A thumb-shaped patch seen on an x-ray of the neck and children with epiglottitis

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12
Q

Define sensory neural hearing loss

A

Impaired transmission of sound through the nervous system

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13
Q

What are the abnormal findings on the Weber and rinne test in sensory neural hearing loss?

A

Deep Weber test sound will lateralize to the unaffected ear. Rinne is not an effective way of analyzing this concern

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14
Q

What are the classic signs of epiglottitis?

A

Drooling, and hyperextension of the neck or tripod position

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15
Q

What are expected physical exam findings of a child with acute otitis media?

A

A tympanic membrane that is erythematous and edematus, and slightly concave

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16
Q

When looking for the red reflex what exam is seen with a child with cataracts?

A

White fungus reflex or gauze over the iris

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17
Q

What is the treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

IV penicillin g in the neonates and ceftriaxone IM

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18
Q

What are the characteristic physical exam findings of otitis externa

A

Erythema of the ear canal, edema of the ear canal, purulent exudate, pain upon manipulation of auricle

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19
Q

What does the acronym FLEA stand for in the setting of group a beta hemolytic streptococci?

A

F for fever, L for lack of cough, E for exudate, A for anterior cervical adenopathy

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20
Q

What is the typical treatment of sinusitis?

A

Augmentin for 10 days or levaquin if no improvement in 3 days

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21
Q

What are the two bacterias most commonly responsible for acute otitis media?

A

S. Pneumoniae and H influenzae

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22
Q

What is the typical treatment for a bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment or polymyxin B ophthalmic ointment

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23
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nosebleed

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24
Q

What is the discharge associated with allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Clear increased tearing

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25
Q

What is the typical disease course of a sinusitis infection?

A

Typically follows the resolution of cold-like symptoms

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26
Q

What are some causes of sensory neural hearing loss?

A

Acoustic neuroma, syphilis, CNS disease, medication toxicity

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27
Q

What is the first line antibiotic for acute otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin 80 to 90 mg per kilogram per day twice daily times 10 days

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28
Q

What pathogen causes croup?

A

Para influenza

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29
Q

Describe the onset of a hordeolum.

A

Abrupt

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30
Q

What are causes of conductive hearing loss?

A

Cerumen impaction, hematoma, otitis media, perforated tympanic membrane

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31
Q

What are typical signs / symptoms of sinusitis?

A

Peanut pressure over the cheek, headache, discolored nasal discharge, halitosis

32
Q

Define conductive hearing loss

A

Decreased ability to conduct sound from the external ear to the inner ear

33
Q

What are the typical pathogens of sinusitis?

A

Same as otitis media such as s. Pneumoniae, h influenzae, and M catarrhalis

34
Q

A chilazion is associated with pain or no pain

A

No pain

35
Q

What age can a child begin to receive antitussives?

A

Older than 6 years of age

36
Q

What is an abnormal, uniform, progressive opacity of the eye seen in children with comirbid syndromes?

A

Cataracts

37
Q

In conductive hearing loss, what will the Weber and Rinne test findings be?

A

The Weber test will have sound lateralized to the affected ear and the Rinne test will be abnormal in the affected ear in that air conducted sound will disappear before a bone conducted sound

38
Q

Describe the onset of a chalazion?

A

Insidious

39
Q

What is the characteristic sign or symptom of croup?

A

Bark like a cough

40
Q

What is a characteristic sign or symptom of otitis externa?

A

Otalgia, pruritis, discharge

41
Q

What distinguishes a gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

Copious yellow or green discharge

42
Q

What is the peak incidence of epiglottitis?

A

6 to 10 years of age or school age

43
Q

What is the management of middle ear effusions?

A

Watch for waiting with reevaluation in 3 to 6 months

44
Q

What is the management of bacterial otitis externa?

A

Cipro drops or ofloxacin drops

45
Q

What are three common physical exam findings of mono?

A

Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, white exudate on tonsils, macula popular or particular r

46
Q

What is the observation period For healthy children with acute otitis media?

A

48 to 72 hours if appropriate which means unilateral, mild pain or mild fever, and a compliant family member

47
Q

What is the management of a chalazion?

A

Surgery

48
Q

A hordeolum or stye is associated with pain or no pain?

A

Pain

49
Q

What is the management if there is concern for hearing loss?

A

Referral for audiogram and further evaluation

50
Q

Where should pressure be held to stop epistaxis?

A

Kiesselbach’s triangle

51
Q

Until what age is strabismus normal?

A

6 months of age

52
Q

What are the physical exam findings of a middle ear effusion?

A

Air bubbles behind the tympanic membrane and a flat light instead of the curved light on the tempting membrane

53
Q

What is the Weber test and it’s normal findings?

A

Uses the tuning fork and holds it on top of the head. Sound should be heard equally in both ears and not lateralized

54
Q

When do you refer a child to the to the ophthalmologist for a hordeolum?

A

No resolution within 48 hours

55
Q

What is the typical treatment for viral conjunctivitis?

A

Saline, cool compresses then maybe decongestants or mast cell stabilizers

56
Q

Why can’t children return to sports immediately after a mono infection?

A

Concern for spleenic rupture for at least 3 weeks to several months. there can be no more enlarged lymph nodes prior to resuming a play

57
Q

What are absent symptoms of the common cold? That other respiratory illness is typically half?

A

Fever and lymphadenopathy

58
Q

What is the incubation period Of mono?

A

One to two months

59
Q

What sign or symptom distinguishes acute otitis media?

A

Fever and otalgia

60
Q

What is the most severe symptom of mono?

A

Pharyngitis

61
Q

What is the Rinne test and what are its normal findings?

A

Tuning fork is held at the bone until the sound disappears and then in front of the ear until the sound disappears. Air conjunction should be twice as long as bone conduction so it should take twice as long for the sound to disappear through air conduction.

62
Q

What is the term for an ocular misalignment as a result of uncoordinated ocular muscles?

A

Strabismus

63
Q

What are laboratory findings of mono?

A

Early rise in immunoglobulin m EBV followed by a permanent rise in immunoglobulin g EBV

64
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of middle ear effusions?

A

Hearing loss popping sensation when pressure altered, fullness in the ear

65
Q

What type of conjunctivitis causes a purulent discharge?

A

Bacterial

66
Q

What is the treatment for herpetic conjunctivitis?

A

Refer to ophthalmologist

67
Q

What is the management for cataracts?

A

Referral for surgery

68
Q

What bacteria causes epiglottitis?

A

Hib

69
Q

What is serous otitis media or otitis media with effusion?

A

Presence of fluid in the middle ears without the signs or symptoms of AOM

70
Q

What are the four directionalities of strabismus?

A

Esotropia, inward Exotropia, outward Hypertropia, upward Hypotropia, downward

71
Q

What pathogen causes infectious mononucleosis?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

72
Q

What type of allergic response is associated with allergic rhinitis?

A

IGE mediated response

73
Q

What are the three categories of allergic rhinitis?

A

Seasonal, perennial, or episodic

74
Q

What are common physical exam findings with allergic rhinitis?

A

Boggie nasal mucosa, nasal crease, allergic salute, Denny line, cobblestone pharynx

75
Q

What is the first line of medications to treat allergic rhinitis?

A

Oral antihistamines and/or intranasal steroids

76
Q

What can cause rhinitis medicamentosa?

A

Intranasal decongestants like afrin also caused rebound rhinorrhea

77
Q

How long does it take for intranasal corticosteroids to take effect?

A

4 weeks

CPNP (15 decks)

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