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CPNP > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, Vegas, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

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2
Q

What are some of the most causative agents of bacterial meningitis in infants?

A

Group b strep, s pneumonia, h influenza

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3
Q

What are iris Lisch nodules?

A

Black spots in the iris

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4
Q

What kind of seizures are described as a sudden increase in muscle tone producing a number of characteristic postures, consciousness is usually partially or completely lost?

A

Tonic seizures

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5
Q

What three cranial nerves are involved with eye movement?

A

3 4 and 6 or ocular motor, trochlear, abducens

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6
Q

What age range of infants are at the highest risk of bacterial meningitis?

A

6 to 12 months

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7
Q

What type of seizures are focal origin such as one hemisphere and can be described as either simple or complex?

A

Partial seizures

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8
Q

What disorder is characterized by brief, abrupt, non-purposeful movements or utterances?

A

Tick disorders such as tourette syndrome

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9
Q

What kind of seizures cause a sudden loss of consciousness with arrested respirations, urinary and/or fecal incontinence may occur, in the post-opital state is characterized by deep sleep, headache, disorientation, muscles comfort and nausea that can last minutes to hours?

A

Tonic clonic or grand mal

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10
Q

What mechanism of headache pain causes the head and neck muscles to contract such as from tension or psychogenic headaches?

A

muscular contraction

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11
Q

What medications are used to stop acute convulsive seizure attacks?

A

Lorazepam or other benzodiazepines such as Valium

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12
Q

What cranial nerve deals with smell?

A

One or olfactory

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13
Q

What mechanism of headache pain causes cranial artery distention resulting often from migraine fevers or systemic infection?

A

Vascular dilation

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14
Q

What is the age that separates migraines with aura and migraine without a?

A

10 years old

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15
Q

For seizures in adolescence what STD should be tested for?

A

Syphilis

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16
Q

What kind of headache is due to dilation and excessive pulsation of branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Migraines

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17
Q

What cranial nerve moves the face, closes the mouth and eyes, deals with taste on the front, saliva and tear secretion?

A

Facial or 7

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18
Q

What type of meningitis is most common in infants?

A

Viral meningitis

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19
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of neurofibromatosis?

A

Must have at least two: six or more CLS spots greater than five millimeters in a prepubital child or 15 mm in a post-pubertal child; two or more cutaneous neurofibromas; axillary or inguinal freckling; two or more iris Lisch nodules; distinctive ossius lesions; present in a first-degree relative

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20
Q

What are some signs or symptoms of brain tumors in children?

A

Headache in the morning followed by vomiting, seizures, head tilt, behavioral changes, loss of developmental milestones

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21
Q

What cranial nerve deals with phonation, gag reflex, carotid reflex swallowing, and taste in the back of the mouth?

A

Glossopharyngeal or 9

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22
Q

What is the management of neurofibromatosis?

A

Refer to neurology

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23
Q

what cranial nerve deals with the muscles of mastication and the sensation of the face, scalp, cornea, mucous membranes, and knows?

A

Trigeminal or 5

24
Q

What is the most common location of brain tumors in children?

A

Infra tutorial or brain stem tumors

25
Q

What are risk factors for female seizures?

A

Family history of sea disorder, tobacco use my mother during pregnancy, prematurity, frequent infections in the first year

26
Q

What four changes occur in the CSF of a patient with meningitis?

A

Cloudy, WBC’s present, increase protein, decrease glucose

27
Q

What is von Recallinghausen disease?

A

Neurofibromatosis

28
Q

What type of seizures are typically described as head drop seizures caused by seven loss in muscle tone?

A

Atonic seizures

29
Q

What is the peak incidence of a febrile seizures?

A

1 and 3 years of age

30
Q

What kind of parcel seizure causes impaired consciousness?

A

Complex partial seizures

31
Q

Meningitis maneuvers: involuntary flexion of legs when neck is flexed?

A

Brudzinkis sign

32
Q

Describe an abdominal migraine

A

Episodic abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting followed or accompanied by headache

33
Q

What are some common signs of meningitis in older infants and children?

A

nuchal rigidity, photophobia, irritability, nausea, vomiting

34
Q

What cranial nerve deals with movement of trapezius and Sterno mastoid muscles?

A

Spinal accessory or 11

35
Q

What are two types of tic disorders?

A

Simple and complex motor tics

Simple motor ticks and complex motor tics such as copropraxia (obscene gestures or writing) and vocal tics

36
Q

What medications are best for management of acute migraine attacks?

A

Triptans

37
Q

What are some Hallmark signs of meningitis in newborns and young infants?

A

Irritability or lethargy, bulging fontanelle, vomiting, poor feeding

38
Q

Meningitis maneuvers: flexion of the hip at 90° with the knee bent causes pain on extension of the leg?

A

Kernig’s sign

39
Q

What cranial nerve deals with talking, swallowing, general sensation from the carotid body, and carotid reflux?

A

Vagus or 10

40
Q

What cranial nerve deals with hearing and equilibrium?

A

Acoustic or 8

41
Q

In an afebrile atient with headaches what are some worrying causes?

A

Space occupying lesions, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia

42
Q

How do most female seizures present?

A

Tonic clinic lasting less than 5 minutes

43
Q

What are the two general categories of seizures?

A

Partial seizures and generalized seizures

44
Q

What type of seizures are often described as staring episodes, with very brief onset and termination, and always begin in childhood?

A

Absence seizures, or petit mal seizures

45
Q

What kind of partial seizure causes no loss of consciousness?

A

Simple partial seizure

46
Q

How are brain tumors diagnosed?

A

CT scan

47
Q

What cranial nerve deals with vision?

A

Two or optic

48
Q

What are the two general categories of seizures?

A

Partial seizures and generalized seizures

49
Q

What type of seizures are bilateral, involving both hemispheres?

A

Generalized seizures

50
Q

What mechanism of a headache pain is caused by space occupying lesions such as brain tumors abscesses or hematomas?

A

Traction

51
Q

What are the two categories of migraine headache?s

A

Migraine with aura and migraine without aura

52
Q

What cranial nerve moves the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal or 12

53
Q

Describe a confusional migraine.

A

No common in younger children, period of confusion disorientation followed by vomiting and deep sleep, headache may not be described

54
Q

And what mechanism of headache pain is caused by infection such as in meningitis or sinusitis?

A

Inflammation

55
Q

What is the most common age of brain tumors in children?

A

4 to 11 years

CPNP (15 decks)

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