Cardiology Flashcards
Normally, where is the higher pressure area of the heart?
Left side
What are the diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki’s?
Fever * 5 days, contractiva retinopathy, rash that is polymorphic, adenopathy, strawberry lips and tongue, hands that are swollen and then peel Fiery CRASH
What congenital heart defect is associated with a boot-shaped heart on x-ray?
Tetralogy of fallot
14 steps of blood flow through the heart.
Inferior / superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body
What are the Jones criteria?
Criteria used to diagnose rheumatic fever
What two valves are smaller and make the quieter lub sound, S1?
Tricuspid and mitral
What genetic syndrome is associated with aortic arch anomalies?
DiGeorge syndrome
What systolic ejection murmur is best heard at the left upper sternal border?
Atrial septal defect
What lab findings are associated with Kawasaki disease?
Elevated ESR and CRP
what congenital heart defect is associated with a loud systolic ejection click at the middle and upper left sternal border?
Tetrology of flow
What innocent murmur is best heard at the right upper sternal border?
Venus hum
What infection precipitates rheumatic fever?
Group a strep
Where are diastole sounds?
Between S2 and s1
What aspect of the heart is most often affected by rheumatic fever?
Mitral valve
Where are aortic or mitral sounds heard?
Apex or Erb’s point
What two valves are larger and make the louder dub sound, S2?
Pulmonic and aortic
What do blood pressure and pulse oximetry variations between the upper and lower extremities signify?
Coarctation of the aorta
Will an innocent murmur be louder or softer when sitting compared to standing?
Louder when sitting
What innocent murmur is best heard at the left lower sternal border and the apex
Still’s murmur
What congenital heart defect is an egg on a string on x-ray?
Transposition of the great arteries
What murmur is a holocystolic machinery sound?
Patent ductus arteriosus
What are the four defects of tetralogy of fallot?
Large VSD, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
What change occurs at birth in the heart?
Decrease in the fetal pulmonary vascular resistance and increase in the systemic vascular resistance
What is the leading cause of coronary artery disease in children of an infectious etiology?
Kawasaki disease
What is secondary hypertension?
Hypertension as a symptom of other organ dysfunction
What is the most common innocent murmur?
Still’s murmur
What congenital heart defect is associated with a systolic ejection click, and a systolic thrill best hurt at the right upper sternal border?
Aortic stenosis
What is a tet spell?
Child’s response to hypersonic episode where they pull their knees up for better circulation
What murmur is due to turbulence in the left ventricular outflow tract?
Still’s murmur
What systolic ejection murmur is a hollow systolic thrill heard the left lower external border
Ventricular septal defect
What aspect of tetralogy of fallot determines how soon surgery will be?
Size of the VSD could allow for a delay in surgery until the child can grow
Where are systole sounds?
Between s1 and S2
Where are aortic sounds heard?
Right upper sternal border
Where are aortic sounds heard?
Right upper sternal border
What genetic defect is associated with aortic regurgitation in mitral valve prolapse?
Marfan syndrome
what secondary congenital heart defect is necessary for a child with transmission of the great arteries to survive until surgery?
Ventricular septal defect
Where are pulmonic sounds heard?
Left upper sternal border
What congenital heart defect is associated with an aortic click best heard at the Apex?
Coarctation of the aorta
At birth what area has higher pressure?
Right side of heart
What congenital heart defect is best heard at the left upper sternal border as a systolic ejection click or thrill?
Pulmonic stenosis
How is hypertension diagnosed?
Average blood pressure greater than the 95th percentile with measures obtained on at least three separate occasions
What are the four minor criteria of the Jones criteria?
Arthralgia, fever, elevated inflammatory levels, evidence of a group a strep infection
What maneuver can be done to test for a venous hum?
Turning head and/or compressing neck ipsilaterally will cause sound to disappear
What is the treatment of Kawasaki disease?
High dose aspirin therapy
What purpose does a patented ductus arteriosus serve in the fetus?
Small hole between the pulmonary arteries and the aorta that allows maternal blood to circulate in the body as lungs develop
List the five major manifestations of the Jones criteria
Carditis, poly arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules
Where are ventricular septal defect or tricuspid sounds heard?
Left lower sternal border
What is a post infectious inflammatory disease that can affect the hearts, joints, and central nervous system?
Rheumatic fever
How many aspects of the Jone’s criteria are required to diagnose Rheumatic Fever?
2 major or 1 major and 2 minor
How many Kawasaki criteria suggest a high likelihood of coronary vessel involvement?
fever AND 4 of the 6 critera
What are the three phases of Kawasaki’s disease?
Acute phase which is symptomatic, subacute which is the resolution of fever and other symptoms, convalescent which is the abnormal lab values remain abnormal
If on high dose aspirin for Kawasaki disease when should the aspirin be stopped?
Stopped for 6 weeks if flu or chickenpox develop
