Respiratory

Question 1

anatomic dead space

Answer 1

any part of the RT that does not exchange gases

Question 2

cartilage and goblet cells extend to

Answer 2

end of bronchi

Question 3

ciliae and smooth muscle extend to

Answer 3

end of terminal bronchii

Question 4

histology of respiratory broncholes

Answer 4

cuboidal, then simple sqaumaous to alveoli

Question 5

purpose of alveloar macrophages

Answer 5

clear depris and participate in immune response

Question 6

line most of alveolar surfaces

Answer 6

type 1 pneumocytes

Question 7

extrete pulmonary surfacant

Answer 7

type II pneumocytes

Question 8

cells that proliferate in lung damage

Answer 8

type II pneumocytes

Question 9

collapsaing pressure calculation

Answer 9

P= 2xsurface tension/radius

Question 10

most important protein in pulmonary surfacant

Answer 10

dipalmitolphosphaatodylcholine

Question 11

beginning of surfacant production in utero

Answer 11

week 26 (fully mature at 35)

Question 12

indicates fetal lung maturity

Answer 12

lectin to sphingmelin ratio of > 2.0

Question 13

lung with 3 lobes

Answer 13

right (what would be the middle lobe in the left has the heart instead)

Question 14

lung with lingula

Answer 14

left

Question 15

where a peanut is going to go

Answer 15

lower portion of right

Question 16

where the IVC passes diaphram

Answer 16

T8

Question 17

where the eosophagus passes diaphram

Answer 17

T10

Question 18

where the aorta passes diaphram

Answer 18

T12

Question 19

inervates the diaphram

Answer 19

phrenic nerve (from C3,4,5)

Question 20

air that can be breathed in after normal respiration

Answer 20

inspiratory reserve

Question 21

air that moes into lung with each quiet resp

Answer 21

tidal volume

Question 22

air that can still be breathed out after normal exp

Answer 22

exiratory reserve

Question 23

air in lung after max expiration

Answer 23

residual volume

Question 24

inspiratory capacity

Answer 24

IRV+TV

Question 25

FRC

Answer 25

RV+ERV

Question 26

VC

Answer 26

TV+IRV+ERV

Question 27

total ling capacity

Answer 27

IRV+TV+ERV+RV

Question 28

largest contribultor of functional dead space

Answer 28

apex of healthy lung

Question 29

def of compliance

Answer 29

change in lung volume with change in pressure

Question 30

conditions with lower lung compliance

Answer 30

pulmonary fibrosis, edema and pneumonia

Question 31

conditions with higher lung complience

Answer 31

emphyseme and normal aging

Question 32

shifts o2 disassociation curve to right, leading to unloading

Answer 32

CO2, 1,2-BPG, exersize, acid/altitde, temp

Question 33

oxidised hemoglobin that binds to cyanide

Answer 33

methemoglobin (can be caused by nitrite poisoning)

Question 34

left shifts hemoglogbin (decreases o2 unlodaing in tissues)

Answer 34

CO (200x greater oxygen binding ability)

Question 35

signs of right heart failure

Answer 35

JVD, edema, hepatomegaly

Question 36

causes primary pulmonary hypertension

Answer 36

inactivating mutation if BMPR2 gene that lets vascular smooth muscle hyperproliferate

Question 37

causes secondary pulmonary hypertension

Answer 37

COPD, mitral stenosis, recurrent thromboemboli, autoimmune dx, left to right shunt, altitude

Question 38

area of lung with greatest ventilation and perfusion

Answer 38

base

Question 39

highest O2 content in lung

Answer 39

apex

Question 40

V/Q approching zero indicates

Answer 40

airway obstruction

Question 41

V/Q approching infinity ndicates

Answer 41

blood flow obstruction to lung

Question 42

most CO2 transported back to lungs in form of

Answer 42

bicarbonate

Question 43

bohr effect

Answer 43

in peripheral tissue, increased H+ from tissue metabolism pushes O2 dissacoation curve to right, causing unloading od O2