Respiratory Flashcards
anatomic dead space
any part of the RT that does not exchange gases
cartilage and goblet cells extend to
end of bronchi
ciliae and smooth muscle extend to
end of terminal bronchii
histology of respiratory broncholes
cuboidal, then simple sqaumaous to alveoli
purpose of alveloar macrophages
clear depris and participate in immune response
line most of alveolar surfaces
type 1 pneumocytes
extrete pulmonary surfacant
type II pneumocytes
cells that proliferate in lung damage
type II pneumocytes
collapsaing pressure calculation
P= 2xsurface tension/radius
most important protein in pulmonary surfacant
dipalmitolphosphaatodylcholine
beginning of surfacant production in utero
week 26 (fully mature at 35)
indicates fetal lung maturity
lectin to sphingmelin ratio of > 2.0
lung with 3 lobes
right (what would be the middle lobe in the left has the heart instead)
lung with lingula
left
where a peanut is going to go
lower portion of right
where the IVC passes diaphram
T8
where the eosophagus passes diaphram
T10
where the aorta passes diaphram
T12
inervates the diaphram
phrenic nerve (from C3,4,5)
air that can be breathed in after normal respiration
inspiratory reserve
air that moes into lung with each quiet resp
tidal volume
air that can still be breathed out after normal exp
exiratory reserve
air in lung after max expiration
residual volume
inspiratory capacity
IRV+TV
FRC
RV+ERV
VC
TV+IRV+ERV
total ling capacity
IRV+TV+ERV+RV
largest contribultor of functional dead space
apex of healthy lung
def of compliance
change in lung volume with change in pressure
conditions with lower lung compliance
pulmonary fibrosis, edema and pneumonia
conditions with higher lung complience
emphyseme and normal aging
shifts o2 disassociation curve to right, leading to unloading
CO2, 1,2-BPG, exersize, acid/altitde, temp
oxidised hemoglobin that binds to cyanide
methemoglobin (can be caused by nitrite poisoning)
left shifts hemoglogbin (decreases o2 unlodaing in tissues)
CO (200x greater oxygen binding ability)
signs of right heart failure
JVD, edema, hepatomegaly
causes primary pulmonary hypertension
inactivating mutation if BMPR2 gene that lets vascular smooth muscle hyperproliferate
causes secondary pulmonary hypertension
COPD, mitral stenosis, recurrent thromboemboli, autoimmune dx, left to right shunt, altitude
area of lung with greatest ventilation and perfusion
base
highest O2 content in lung
apex
V/Q approching zero indicates
airway obstruction
V/Q approching infinity ndicates
blood flow obstruction to lung
most CO2 transported back to lungs in form of
bicarbonate
bohr effect
in peripheral tissue, increased H+ from tissue metabolism pushes O2 dissacoation curve to right, causing unloading od O2
